soul

See also Soul, Sŏul, soûl, and Söul

English

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

• sowl (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle English, from Old English sāwol (“soul, life, spirit, being”), from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō (“soul”). Cognate with North Frisian siel, sial (“soul”), Dutch ziel (“soul”), German Seele (“soul”) (the Scandinavian forms are borrowings from the Old English).

Pronunciation

• (RP) enPR: sōl, IPA: /səʊl/, X-SAMPA: /s@Ul/
• (GenAm) enPR: sōl, IPA: /soʊl/, X-SAMPA: /soUl/
• Rhymes: -əʊl

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Homophones: Seoul, sole

Noun

soul (plural souls)

1. (religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality. Often believed to live on after the person's death.
   • 1836, Hans Christian Andersen (translated into English by Mrs. H. B. Paull in 1872), The Little Mermaid

     "Among the daughters of the air," answered one of them. "A mermaid has not an immortal soul, nor can she obtain one unless she wins the love of a human being. On the power of another hangs her eternal destiny. But the daughters of the air, although they do not possess an immortal soul, can, by their good deeds, procure one for themselves.

2. The spirit or essence of anything.
3. Life, energy, vigor.

   This place has no soul.

4. (music) Soul music.
5. A person, especially as one among many.
6. An individual life.

• For usage examples of this term, see the citations page.

Derived terms

Terms derived from soul (noun)

All Souls' Day bare one's soul body and soul brevity is the soul of wit dead soul heart and soul neo soul sell one's soul

soul brother soul-destroying soul food soul kiss soul mate/soulmate soul-searching soul-strring souled

soulful soulfully soulfulness soul music soul patch soul searching soul sister world soul

Look at pages starting with soul.

Related terms

• mind
• spirit

Translations

the spirit or essence of a person that is believed to live on after the person’s death

• Afrikaans: siel (af)
• Ainu: ラマ (rama)
• Albanian: shpirt (sq) m
• Arabic: روح (ar) (ruuḥ) m and f, نَفْسٌ (ar) (nafs) f

  Egyptian Arabic: روح (ruuḥ) f , نفس (nafs) f

• Armenian: հոգի (hy) (hogi)
• Aromanian: suflit (rup), suflet (rup)
• Bashkir: йән (yän)
• Basque: arima (eu)
• Belarusian: душа (be) (dušá) f
• Bengali: আত্মা (bn) (atma)
• Bulgarian: душа (bg) (duša) f
• Catalan: ànima f
• Chamicuro: sana'ne
• Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏔ (chr) (adanata)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 靈魂 (cmn), 灵魂 (cmn) (línghún), 魂魄 (cmn) (húnpò)

• Czech: duše (cs) f
• Dalmatian: jamna f
• Danish: sjæl (da) c
• Dutch: ziel (nl) f
• Esperanto: animo (eo)
• Faroese: sál (fo) f
• Filipino: kalag
• Finnish: sielu (fi), henki (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f
• Friulian: ànime
• Georgian: სული (ka) (suli)
• German: Seele (de) f
• Greek: ψυχή (el) (psychí) f
• Gujarati: આત્મા (gu) (ātmā)
• Hawaiian: ʻuhane
• Hebrew: נשמה (he) (neshamá) f, נפש (he) (néfesh) f, (biblical) רוח (he) (rúakh) m and f
• Hindi: आत्मा (hi) (ātmā) f
• Hungarian: lélek (hu), önvaló (hu)
• Icelandic: sál (is) f
• Indonesian: ruh (id)
• Interlingua: anima (ia)
• Irish: anam (ga) m
• Italian: anima (it) f

• Japanese: 魂 (ja) (たましい, tamashii), 霊 (ja) (れい, rei, たま, tama)
• Khmer: ព្រលឹង (km) (prɔlɨng)
• Korean: 영혼 (ko) (yeonghon), 혼백 (ko) (honbaek) (魂魄 (ko))
• Latgalian: dvēsele
• Latin: anima (la) f, animus (la) m
• Latvian: dvēsele (lv) f, velis (lv) m
• Luxembourgish: Séil (lb) f
• Malay: roh (ms), jiwa (ms)
• Malayalam: ആത്മാവു് (ml) (ɑːtmɑːʋ)
• Marathi: आत्मा (mr) (ātmā)
• Mazanderani: جان
• Northern Sami: heagga
• Norwegian: sjel (no) m and f
• Occitan: arma (oc) f
• Old Norse: sál f
• Old Portuguese: alma
• Persian: روح (fa) (ruh)
• Polish: dusza (pl) f
• Portuguese: alma (pt) f
• Romanian: suflet (ro) n
• Romansch: olma (rm) f
• Russian: душа (ru) (dušá) f
• Sardinian: àmina (sc) f
• Scottish Gaelic: anam m
• Serbo-Croatian: душа (sh) f, duša (sh) f
• Slovak: duša (sk) f
• Slovene: duša (sl) f
• Spanish: alma (es) f
• Swedish: själ (sv)
• Tagalog: kalag (tl)
• Tamil: ஆன்மா (ta) (ānma)
• Telugu: ఆత్మ (te) (ātma)
• Tocharian A: āñcäm
• Tocharian B: āñme
• Turkish: ruh (tr)
• Ukrainian: душа (uk) (dušá) f
• Urdu: روح (ur) (rūh) f, آتما (ur) (ātmā) f
• Vietnamese: linh hồn (vi) (靈魂 (vi))
• Welsh: enaid (cy) m
• Zulu: umoya (zu) 3
• ǃXóõ: ǃnáã-sé

Life, energy, vigour

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 心靈 (cmn), 心灵 (cmn) (xīnlíng), 魂 (cmn) (hún)

• Dutch: ziel (nl) f
• Esperanto: animo (eo)
• Finnish: sielu (fi), henki (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f
• Georgian: გული (ka) (guli)
• Greek: ψυχή (el) (psychí) f
• Hebrew: רוח חיים (he) (ruakh khayím) f, נשמה (he) (neshamá) f

• Indonesian: jiwa (id)
• Japanese: 魂 (ja) (たましい, tamashii), 精神 (ja) (せいしん, seishin)
• Korean: 넋 (neok)
• Latin: animus (la) m
• Latvian: dvēsele (lv) f
• Polish: życie (pl) n
• Romanian: spirit (ro) n
• Russian: душа (ru) (dušá) f, дух (ru) (dux) m
• Swedish: själ (sv)

soul music

• Dutch: soul (nl) f
• Esperanto: soulo (eo)
• Finnish: soul (fi), soul-musiikki (fi)
• French: soul (fr) f
• German: Soul (de)
• Greek: σόουλ (el) (sóoul) f
• Hebrew: נשמה (he) (neshamá) f
• Japanese: ソウル (ja) (souru)

• Korean: 소울 (soul)
• Latin: animus (la) m
• Latvian: soul mūzika
• Polish: soul (pl) m
• Romanian: muzică soul (ro)
• Russian: соул (ru) (sóul) m
• Slovak: soul (sk) m
• Swedish: soul (sv)

person, especially as one among many

• Bashkir: кеше (keše), бәндә (bändä), инсан (insan)
• Finnish: sielu (fi)
• French: âme (fr) f
• Greek: ψυχή (el) (psychí) f
• Hebrew: נפש (he) (néfesh) f, נפש חיה (he) (néfesh hayá) f

• Latin: animus (la) m
• Romanian: unic (ro), singur (ro)
• Swedish: själ (sv)
• Telugu: నూటికి ఒక్కడు (te) (nutiki okkadu)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

• Estonian: hing
• Lithuanian: siela f
• Spanish: ánimo m

Verb

soul (third-person singular simple present souls, present participle souling, simple past and past participle souled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To endue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.

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Finnish

Noun

soul

1. soul music

Declension

Declension of soul (type risti) singular plural nominative soul – genitive soulin – partitive soulia – accusative soul soulin – inessive soulissa – elative soulista – illative souliin – adessive soulilla – ablative soulilta – allative soulille – essive soulina – translative souliksi – instructive – – abessive soulitta – comitative – –

Anagrams

• solu, Sulo, sulo, ulos

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French

Alternative forms

• soûl, saoul

Etymology 1

From Latin satullus, diminutive of satur.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /su/
• Homophones: sou, sous

Adjective

soul m (feminine soule, masculine plural souls, feminine plural soules)

1. drunk

Derived terms

• souler

Synonyms

• ivre

Etymology 2

From English soul.

Noun

soul f

1. soul, soul music.

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Italian

Etymology

English

Noun

soul m, f (invariable)

1. soul music

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Old French

Etymology

Latin solus.

Alternative forms

• seul
• sole

Adjective

soul

1. only; sole; single

Declension

  Declension of soul  

Number	Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Subject	souls	soule	soul
	Oblique	soul	soule	soul
Plural	Subject	soul	soules	soul
	Oblique	souls	soules	soul

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Polish

Etymology

From English soul.

Noun

soul m

1. Soul, soul music.

Declension

    declension of soul

	singular only
nominative	soul
genitive	soul / soulu
dative	soul / soulowi
accusative	soul
instrumental	soul / soulem
locative	soul / soulu
vocative	soul / soulu