σφῦρα
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Julius Pokorny connects this word with σπαίρω (spaírō, “to hammer, to make rapid movements”). Frisk connects this word with σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “ball”), but this seems far-fetched, especially since the semantic connection is not evident. The etymology thus remains uncertain.
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spʰŷː.ra/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈspʰy.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsɸy.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsfy.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsfi.ra/
Noun edit
σφῦρᾰ • (sphûra) f (genitive σφῡ́ρᾱς); first declension
- hammer, beetle, mallet
- Synonym: κέστρα (késtra)
- balk between the furrows of ploughed land
- kind of land measure
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ σφῦρᾰ hē sphûra |
τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ tṑ sphū́rā |
αἱ σφῦραι hai sphûrai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς σφῡ́ρᾱς tês sphū́rās |
τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν toîn sphū́rain |
τῶν σφῡρῶν tôn sphūrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ σφῡ́ρᾳ têi sphū́rāi |
τοῖν σφῡ́ραιν toîn sphū́rain |
ταῖς σφῡ́ραις taîs sphū́rais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν σφῦρᾰν tḕn sphûran |
τὼ σφῡ́ρᾱ tṑ sphū́rā |
τᾱ̀ς σφῡ́ρᾱς tā̀s sphū́rās | ||||||||||
Vocative | σφῦρᾰ sphûra |
σφῡ́ρᾱ sphū́rā |
σφῦραι sphûrai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- σφῡ́ραινᾰ (sphū́raina)
- σφῡρηδόν (sphūrēdón)
- σφῡρήλατος (sphūrḗlatos)
- σφῡρηλᾰτέω (sphūrēlatéō)
- σφῡρόβολος (sphūróbolos)
- σφῡρόκοπος (sphūrókopos)
- σφῡροκτῠπέω (sphūroktupéō)
- σφῡροπέλεκῠς (sphūropélekus)
- σφῡ́ρωσῐς (sphū́rōsis)
- σφῡρῐ́ον (sphūríon)
Descendants edit
- Greek: σφυρί (sfyrí)
Further reading edit
- “σφῦρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “σφῦρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “σφῦρα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- σφῦρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- σφῦρα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN