φακός
Ancient Greek edit
Alternative forms edit
- φᾰκόν (phakón)
Etymology edit
Disputed. From a root *bʰaḱ- shared with Albanian bathë (“broad bean”). The initial *bʰa- is also found in Latin faba (“bean”), Proto-Slavic *bòbъ (“bean”) and Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”). Alternatively akin to ἀφάκη (aphákē, “vetch”), in which case possibly from Pre-Greek. An Illyrian origin has also been proposed, in which case the word could be a doublet of φάσηλος (phásēlos, “cowpea”).
However note Classical Syriac ܦܘܗܘ (pāhū), ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) vs ܦܘܗܐ (pāhā, pāhū, “pimple, pustule, sore”), paralleling Akkadian 𒄘𒌉 (GU₂.TUR /kakkû/, “lentil”) already found in Old Akkadian vs. 𒆕𒆪𒌈 (kak-ku-tum /kakkūtu/, “single lentil; pimple, acne, pustule?”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰa.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰaˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸaˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /faˈkos/
Noun edit
φᾰκός • (phakós) m (genitive φᾰκοῦ); second declension
- lentil (Lens culinaris) and its seed
- anything shaped like a lentil:
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ φᾰκός ho phakós |
τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ |
οἱ φᾰκοί hoi phakoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ φᾰκοῦ toû phakoû |
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn |
τῶν φᾰκῶν tôn phakôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ φᾰκῷ tôi phakôi |
τοῖν φᾰκοῖν toîn phakoîn |
τοῖς φᾰκοῖς toîs phakoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν φᾰκόν tòn phakón |
τὼ φᾰκώ tṑ phakṓ |
τοὺς φᾰκούς toùs phakoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | φᾰκέ phaké |
φᾰκώ phakṓ |
φᾰκοί phakoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φακός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- lentil idem, page 485.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 3052b
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[2] (in German), volume 2, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 444, about Semitic words for freckles from words for lentil. In particular “ṭlpḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥwn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, “ṭlpḥn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986– – potentially the Classical Syriac ܦܐܟܘ (paḵū, “lentil”) and the Greek are the second half of this word.
Greek edit
Etymology edit
From Ancient Greek φακός (phakós).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
φακός • (fakós) m (plural φακοί)
- (optics) lens
- torch (UK), flashlight (US)
Declension edit
Related terms edit
- φακός επαφής m (fakós epafís, “contact lens”)
- αμφίκοιλος (amfíkoilos, “biconcave”, adjective)
- αμφίκυρτος (amfíkyrtos, “biconvex”, adjective)
Further reading edit
- φακός on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el