φρίξ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• φρίκη (phríkē)

Etymology

Uncertain, connected with φρίσσω (phríssō, “to be rough; to shiver”). Compare also φρίκες (phríkes) or φόρκες (phórkes, “pales”), and βρίκελοι (bríkeloi, “the beams of a standing loom”). Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to raise”); compare Proto-Celtic *brixs (“hill”). Possibly from Pre-Greek.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰrǐːks/ → /ɸriks/ → /friks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰrǐːks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pʰriks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɸriks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /friks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /friks/

Noun

φρῑ́ξ • (phrī́x) f (genitive φρῑκός); third declension

1. ruffling
2. bristling
3. shivering

Declension

Third declension of ἡ φρῑ́ξ; τῆς φρῑκός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φρῑ́ξ hē phrī́x	τὼ φρῖκε tṑ phrîke	αἱ φρῖκες hai phrîkes
Genitive	τῆς φρῑκός tês phrīkós	τοῖν φρῑκοῖν toîn phrīkoîn	τῶν φρῑκῶν tôn phrīkôn
Dative	τῇ φρῑκῐ́ têi phrīkí	τοῖν φρῑκοῖν toîn phrīkoîn	ταῖς φρῑξῐ́ / φρῑξῐ́ν taîs phrīxí(n)
Accusative	τὴν φρῖκᾰ tḕn phrîka	τὼ φρῖκε tṑ phrîke	τᾱ̀ς φρῖκᾰς tā̀s phrîkas
Vocative	φρῑ́ξ phrī́x	φρῖκε phrîke	φρῖκες phrîkes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

See also

• φρίσσω - According to Beekes, comes from the same root of φρίξ.

References

• “φρίξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “φρίξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• φρίξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette