χάλκεος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• χᾰλκοῦς (khalkoûs) — Attic
• χᾰ́λκειος (khálkeios), χᾰλκήιος (khalkḗios) — Epic

Etymology

From χᾰλκός (khalkós, “copper”) +‎ -εος (-eos).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kʰál.ke.os/ → /ˈxal.ce.os/ → /ˈxal.ce.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kʰál.ke.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkʰal.ke.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ce.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ce.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈxal.ce.os/

Adjective

χᾰ́λκεος • (khálkeos) m (feminine χᾰλκέᾱ, neuter χᾰ́λκεον); first/second declension

1. of copper or bronze, brazen
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.15
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.371
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.4
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.30
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.723
   • 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Collected Works 3.84
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.317
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.335
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.220
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.398
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.440
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.331
   • 408 BCE, Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1359
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Libation Bearers 686
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 392
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1591
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 711
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 683
   1. (of statues)
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.81
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 1.95
      • 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 272
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, On Organization 21
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1410A.33
      • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 38
   2. (χἀλκεος ἀγών) a contest for a shield of brass
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 10.22
2. (figuratively) brazen, hard, stout, strong
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.704
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.152
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Demosthenes 11
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Isthmian Ode 8.27
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.490
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.222
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.241
   • 413 BCE, Euripides, Ion 1

Inflection

First and second declension of χάλκεος; χαλκέᾱ; χάλκεον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		χάλκεος khálkeos	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Genitive		χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χαλκέου khalkéou		χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin		χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκέων khalkéōn
Dative		χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέᾳ khalkéāi	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi		χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin		χαλκέοις khalkéois	χαλκέαις khalkéais	χαλκέοις khalkéois
Accusative		χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέᾱν khalkéān	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χαλκέους khalkéous	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Vocative		χάλκεε khálkee	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		χαλκέως khalkéōs				χαλκεώτερος khalkeṓteros				χαλκεώτᾰτος khalkeṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of χάλκεος; χαλκέη; χάλκεον (Ionic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		χάλκεος khálkeos	χαλκέη khalkéē	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Genitive		χαλκέου khalkéou	χαλκέης khalkéēs	χαλκέου khalkéou		χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin		χαλκέων khalkéōn	χαλκεέων / χαλκεῶν khalkeéōn / khalkeôn	χαλκέων khalkéōn
Dative		χαλκέῳ khalkéōi	χαλκέῃ khalkéēi	χαλκέῳ khalkéōi		χαλκέοιν khalkéoin	χαλκέαιν khalkéain	χαλκέοιν khalkéoin		χαλκέοισῐ / χαλκέοισῐν / χαλκέοις khalkéoisi(n) / khalkéois	χαλκέῃσῐ / χαλκέῃσῐν khalkéēisi(n)	χαλκέοισῐ / χαλκέοισῐν / χαλκέοις khalkéoisi(n) / khalkéois
Accusative		χάλκεον khálkeon	χαλκέην khalkéēn	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χαλκέους khalkéous	χαλκέᾱς khalkéās	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Vocative		χάλκεε khálkee	χαλκέη khalkéē	χάλκεον khálkeon		χαλκέω khalkéō	χαλκέᾱ khalkéā	χαλκέω khalkéō		χάλκεοι khálkeoi	χάλκεαι khálkeai	χάλκεᾰ khálkea
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		χαλκέως khalkéōs				χαλκεώτερος khalkeṓteros				χαλκεώτᾰτος khalkeṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• χαλκεόφωνος (khalkeóphōnos)
• χαλκῆ μυῖα (khalkê muîa, “a boy's game, a sort of blind man's buff”)

References

• “χάλκεος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χάλκεος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “χάλκεος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• χάλκεος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• χάλκεος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “χάλκεος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • brazen idem, page 94.
  • bronze idem, page 100.
  • copper idem, page 173.