գի
Armenian edit
Etymology edit
From Old Armenian գի (gi).
Pronunciation edit
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [ɡi]
- (Western Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [kʰi]
Noun edit
գի • (gi)
Declension edit
i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | գի (gi) | գիեր (gier) | ||
| dative | գիի (gii) | գիերի (gieri) | ||
| ablative | գիից (giicʻ) | գիերից (giericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | գիով (giov) | գիերով (gierov) | ||
| locative | գիում (gium) | գիերում (gierum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | գին (gin) | գիերը/գիերն (gierə/giern) | ||
| dative | գիին (giin) | գիերին (gierin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | գիս (gis) | գիերս (giers) | ||
| dative | գիիս (giis) | գիերիս (gieris) | ||
| ablative | գիիցս (giicʻs) | գիերիցս (giericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | գիովս (giovs) | գիերովս (gierovs) | ||
| locative | գիումս (giums) | գիերումս (gierums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | գիդ (gid) | գիերդ (gierd) | ||
| dative | գիիդ (giid) | գիերիդ (gierid) | ||
| ablative | գիիցդ (giicʻd) | գիերիցդ (giericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | գիովդ (giovd) | գիերովդ (gierovd) | ||
| locative | գիումդ (giumd) | գիերումդ (gierumd) | ||
Old Armenian edit
Etymology edit
Since Lidén derived from Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- (“to twist, wind, weave, plait”) (the reconstruction of the root is disputed), because of juniper's flexible branches used in plaiting or weaving, extended with *-t- or *-s-.
The Proto-Indo-European form from which գի (gi) is descended has been variously reconstructed as *wītā (“willow”) (Ačaṙean), *wey(H)-t- (Martirosyan), *wī̆so- or *weyso- or *woyso- from *wey-s- (“to twist, wind around”) (Lidén, Pokorny, Mallory/Adams).
Note also Proto-Kartvelian *ɣwiw-.
Noun edit
գի • (gi)
- juniper (tree)
- 5th century, Bible, Isaiah 41.19:
- Եւ բղխեցուցից յանջուր երկրին զմայրն եւ զտօսախն, զմուրտն եւ զնոճն եւ զսօսն, զսարդն եւ զսարոյն եւ զկաղամախն, զգին եւ զփայտն իւղոյ։
- Ew błxecʻucʻicʻ yanǰur erkrin zmayrn ew ztōsaxn, zmurtn ew znočn ew zsōsn, zsardn ew zsaroyn ew zkałamaxn, zgin ew zpʻaytn iwłoy.
- I will produce in the dry land the cedar and box, the myrtle and cypress and plane, the cedar and cypress and white poplar, the juniper and the olive wood.
- Եւ բղխեցուցից յանջուր երկրին զմայրն եւ զտօսախն, զմուրտն եւ զնոճն եւ զսօսն, զսարդն եւ զսարոյն եւ զկաղամախն, զգին եւ զփայտն իւղոյ։
- 5th century, Agatʻangełos, Patmutʻiwn Hayocʻ [History of the Armenians] § 644:
- որպէս մայրն և նոճն և շոճն ե թեղօշն և սարդն և սարոյն և սոսն և յակրին և գին և կաղամախն և ուռին և տօսախն։
- orpēs mayrn ew nočn ew šočn e tʻełōšn ew sardn ew saroyn ew sosn ew yakrin ew gin ew kałamaxn ew uṙin ew tōsaxn.
- որպէս մայրն և նոճն և շոճն ե թեղօշն և սարդն և սարոյն և սոսն և յակրին և գին և կաղամախն և ուռին և տօսախն։
- 9th or 10th century, with changes and additions in later centuries, Tʻargmanutʻiwn dełocʻ zor əntrel en imastasērkʻn ew kargeal yayl lezuacʻ [A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary] :[1][2][3]
- Ալոգհոլ (vars. ալոքհոլ, ալոյհոլ)՝ գիոյ պտուղ։
- Aloghol (vars. alokʻhol, aloyhol), gioy ptuł.
- الْأَبْهَل (al-ʔabhal) = fruit of the juniper
- Ալոգհոլ (vars. ալոքհոլ, ալոյհոլ)՝ գիոյ պտուղ։
- juniper (wood)
Declension edit
o-type
Derived terms edit
- գիհի (gihi)
Descendants edit
- Armenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)
- → Georgian: გია (gia)
- ⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))
References edit
- ^ Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “գետոյ պտուղ”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 467, page 169, incorrectly reading the Armenian as գետոյ պտուղ (getoy ptuł) and the Arabic as ալոյգ? հոլ (aloyg? hol)
- ^ Greppin, John A. C. (1997) A Medieval Arabic–Armenian Botanical Dictionary (Studien zur armenischen Geschichte; 16), a separate print of Greppin 1995, Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, § 5, pages 18–19, incorrectly identifying the Arabic with "alcohol"
- ^ Norayr N. Biwzandacʻi (1925) Kʻnnadatutʻiwn Haybusaki [A Critique of Haybusak] (Azgayin matenadaran; 109) (in Armenian), Vienna: Mekhitarist Press, pages 45–47
Further reading edit
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971) “գի”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume I, Yerevan: University Press, page 554ab
- Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1944) “Haykakankʻ A [Armeniaca I]”, in HSSṘ GA Teġekagir hasarakakan gitutʻyunneri [Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR: Social Sciences][1] (in Armenian), number 5, pages 27–28
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “Haykakankʻ (Armeniaca)”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 627
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “գի”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Ġazarean, Ṙ. S. (2000) “գի”, in Tʻosunean G. B., editor, Grabari baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
- Lidén, Evald (1905–1906) “Baumnamen und Verwandtes”, in Indogermanische Forschungen[2] (in German), volume 18, pages 494–498
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “²ueis-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1133
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 644a
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 212
- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “գի”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 119