פשע

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Root
פ־שׁ־ע (p-š-ʿ)

Compare Ugaritic 𐎔𐎌𐎓 (pšʿ, “rebellion, transgression”).

Noun

פֶּשַׁע • (pésha') m (plural indefinite פְּשָׁעִים, singular construct פֶּשַׁע־, plural construct פִּשְׁעֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

1. felony, transgression
   • Tanach, Proverbs 29:6, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     בְּפֶשַׁע אִישׁ רָע מוֹקֵשׁ וְצַדִּיק יָרוּן וְשָׂמֵחַ׃

     B-fesha ish ra moqésh, v'tzadík yarún v'saméaḥ.

     In the transgression of an evil man there is a snare; but the righteous doth sing and rejoice.

2. (Jewish law) a rebellious sin, done for the purpose of opposing God and not for its own benefit
   • a. 500 C.E., Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 36:b:

     פשעים אלו המרדים וכן הוא אומר (מלכים ב ג, ז) מלך מואב פשע בי

     P'sha'im are rebellious, and that's why it says in II Kings 3:7, "The king of Moab rebelled against me"

Declension table

	singular	plural
absolute	פֶּשַע	פְּשָעִים
absolute, Biblical verse-final form	פָּשַע	פְּשָעִים
construct	פֶּשַע	פִּשְעֵי
definite	הַפֶּשַע	הַפְּשָעִים
Possessive forms	singular	plural
my	פִּשְעִי	פְּשָעַי
your (masc. sing.)	פִּשְעֲךָ	פְּשָעֶיךָ
your (fem. sing.)	פִּשְעֵךְ	פְּשָעַיִךְ
his	פִּשְעוֹ	פְּשָעָיו
her	פִּשְעָהּ	פְּשָעֶיהָ
our	פִּשְעֵנוּ	פְּשָעֵינוּ
your (masc. pl.)	פִּשְעֲכֶם	פִּשְעֵיכֶם
your (fem. pl.)	פִּשְעֲכֶן	פִּשְעֵיכֶן
their (masc.)	פִּשְעָם	פִּשְעֵיהֶם
their (fem.)	פִּשְעָן	פִּשְעֵיהֶן

Derived terms

• פֶּשַׁע מִלְחָמָה (pésha' milkhamá, “war crime”)
• פֶּשַׁע שִׂנְאָה (pésha sin'á, “hate crime”)

Related terms

• פּוֹשֵׁעַ (poshéa')

References

• H6588 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Verb

פָּשַׁע • (pashá') third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction)

1. to commit a crime

Conjugation

Conjugation of פָּשַׁע (see also Appendix:Hebrew verbs) 

non-finite forms		to-infinitive: לפשוע / לִפְשֹׁעַ action noun: פְּשִׁיעָה passive participle: —
finite forms		singular		plural
		m.	f.	m.	f.
past	first	פָּשַׁעְתִּי		פָּשַׁעְנוּ
	second	פָּשַׁעְתָּ	פָּשַׁעְתְּ	פְּשַׁעְתֶּם1	פְּשַׁעְתֶּן1
	third	פָּשַׁע	פָּשְׁעָה	פָּשְׁעוּ
present		פּוֹשֵׁעַ	פּוֹשַׁעַת	פּוֹשְׁעִים	פּוֹשְׁעוֹת
future	first	אֶפְשַׁע		נִפְשַׁע
	second	תִּפְשַׁע	תִּפְשְׁעִי	תִּפְשְׁעוּ	תִּפְשַׁעְנָה2
	third	יִפְשַׁע	תִּפְשַׁע	יִפְשְׁעוּ	תִּפְשַׁעְנָה2
imperative		פְּשַׁע	פִּשְׁעִי	פִּשְׁעוּ	פְּשַׁעְנָה2
notes		Pronounced פָּשַׁעְתֶּם and פָּשַׁעְתֶּן in informal Modern Hebrew. Rare in Modern Hebrew.

Etymology 2

Root
פ־שׂ־ע (p-ś-ʿ)

Noun

פֶּשַׂע • (pésa') m (plural indefinite פְּשָׂעִים, singular construct פֶּשַׂע־, plural construct פִּשְׂעֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

1. pace, step