أشق
Arabic edit
Etymology 1 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
Verb edit
Etymology 2 edit
| Root |
|---|
| ش ق ق (š-q-q) |
Adjective edit
أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq)
- elative degree of شَاقّ (šāqq); toughest, most wearisome
Declension edit
Declension of adjective أَشَقّ (ʔašaqq)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular diptote | singular invariable | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | أَشَقّ ʔašaqq |
الْأَشَقّ al-ʔašaqq |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
| Nominative | أَشَقُّ ʔašaqqu |
الْأَشَقُّ al-ʔašaqqu |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
| Accusative | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقَّ al-ʔašaqqa |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
| Genitive | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقِّ al-ʔašaqqi |
شُقّى šuqqā |
الشُّقّى aš-šuqqā |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | أَشَقَّيْن ʔašaqqayn |
الْأَشَقَّيْن al-ʔašaqqayn |
شُقَّيَيْن šuqqayayn |
الشُّقَّيَيْن aš-šuqqayayn |
| Nominative | أَشَقَّانِ ʔašaqqāni |
الْأَشَقَّانِ al-ʔašaqqāni |
شُقَّيَانِ šuqqayāni |
الشُّقَّيَانِ aš-šuqqayāni |
| Accusative | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شُقَّيَيْنِ šuqqayayni |
الشُّقَّيَيْنِ aš-šuqqayayni |
| Genitive | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شُقَّيَيْنِ šuqqayayni |
الشُّقَّيَيْنِ aš-šuqqayayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| plural unknown | sound feminine plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَات šuqqayāt |
الشُّقَّيَات aš-šuqqayāt |
| Nominative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٌ šuqqayātun |
الشُّقَّيَاتُ aš-šuqqayātu |
| Accusative | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٍ šuqqayātin |
الشُّقَّيَاتِ aš-šuqqayāti |
| Genitive | ? ? |
? ? |
شُقَّيَاتٍ šuqqayātin |
الشُّقَّيَاتِ aš-šuqqayāti |
Adjective edit
أَشَقّ • (ʔašaqq) (feminine شَقَّاء (šaqqāʔ), masculine plural شُقّ (šuqq))
- of inclinated gait in such a manner that a gap is left between the legs, long-footed
Declension edit
Declension of adjective أَشَقّ (ʔašaqq)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic singular diptote | basic singular diptote | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | أَشَقّ ʔašaqq |
الْأَشَقّ al-ʔašaqq |
شَقَّاء šaqqāʔ |
الشَّقَّاء aš-šaqqāʔ |
| Nominative | أَشَقُّ ʔašaqqu |
الْأَشَقُّ al-ʔašaqqu |
شَقَّاءُ šaqqāʔu |
الشَّقَّاءُ aš-šaqqāʔu |
| Accusative | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقَّ al-ʔašaqqa |
شَقَّاءَ šaqqāʔa |
الشَّقَّاءَ aš-šaqqāʔa |
| Genitive | أَشَقَّ ʔašaqqa |
الْأَشَقِّ al-ʔašaqqi |
شَقَّاءَ šaqqāʔa |
الشَّقَّاءِ aš-šaqqāʔi |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | أَشَقَّيْن ʔašaqqayn |
الْأَشَقَّيْن al-ʔašaqqayn |
شَقَّاءَيْن šaqqāʔayn |
الشَّقَّاءَيْن aš-šaqqāʔayn |
| Nominative | أَشَقَّانِ ʔašaqqāni |
الْأَشَقَّانِ al-ʔašaqqāni |
شَقَّاءَانِ šaqqāʔāni |
الشَّقَّاءَانِ aš-šaqqāʔāni |
| Accusative | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شَقَّاءَيْنِ šaqqāʔayni |
الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ aš-šaqqāʔayni |
| Genitive | أَشَقَّيْنِ ʔašaqqayni |
الْأَشَقَّيْنِ al-ʔašaqqayni |
شَقَّاءَيْنِ šaqqāʔayni |
الشَّقَّاءَيْنِ aš-šaqqāʔayni |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
| basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Informal | شُقّ šuqq |
الشُّقّ aš-šuqq |
شُقّ šuqq |
الشُّقّ aš-šuqq |
| Nominative | شُقٌّ šuqqun |
الشُّقُّ aš-šuqqu |
شُقٌّ šuqqun |
الشُّقُّ aš-šuqqu |
| Accusative | شُقًّا šuqqan |
الشُّقَّ aš-šuqqa |
شُقًّا šuqqan |
الشُّقَّ aš-šuqqa |
| Genitive | شُقٍّ šuqqin |
الشُّقِّ aš-šuqqi |
شُقٍّ šuqqin |
الشُّقِّ aš-šuqqi |
Etymology 3 edit
From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšʾk /wašak/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wšk /wašak/), attested at least thrice in Book Pahlavi and once in Classical Syriac ܘܣܩܐ (wasqā), once in Classical Mandaic ࡀࡅࡎࡒࡀ (wasqā),[1] denoting in each case a kind of ceremonial drink employed by Zoroastrians in place of wine, which matches gum ammoniac as this was employed in antiquity for its emollient, swelling-atoning and limb-pain-relieving effect,[2] and apparently the drink was called after ammoniacum it was composed of,[1] as the later Classical Persian وشه (wuša) and اشه (oša) and the Arabic are known to mean gum ammoniac, and one finds a Byzantine Greek οὐσάκ (ousák) glossed as ammoniacum.[3]
The measure of the Arabic word is also KaLaM, not only KuLLaM.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
أُشَّق • (ʔuššaq) m
- Ferula marmarica (in Africa)
- Ferula ammoniacum syn. Dorema ammoniacum (in Eastern Iran, Afghanistan, Turkistan)
- Ferula aucheri syn. Dorema aucheri (in Western Persia)
- gum ammoniac, ammoniacum, obtained from the said plants
Declension edit
Declension of noun أُشَّق (ʔuššaq)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | أُشَّق ʔuššaq |
الْأُشَّق al-ʔuššaq |
أُشَّق ʔuššaq |
| Nominative | أُشَّقٌ ʔuššaqun |
الْأُشَّقُ al-ʔuššaqu |
أُشَّقُ ʔuššaqu |
| Accusative | أُشَّقًا ʔuššaqan |
الْأُشَّقَ al-ʔuššaqa |
أُشَّقَ ʔuššaqa |
| Genitive | أُشَّقٍ ʔuššaqin |
الْأُشَّقِ al-ʔuššaqi |
أُشَّقِ ʔuššaqi |
Descendants edit
- → Middle Armenian: աւշակ (awšak), օշակ (ōšak), օշախ (ōšax), աւշախ (awšax), օշաղ (ōšaġ), օշ (ōš), աւշ (awš), վաշակ (vašak), վաշախ (vašax), վաշաղ (vašaġ) (some of the forms probably from Iranian)
- → Medieval Latin: alaſach (Spain, emended from aſaſach)[4]
- → Old Spanish: alguaxaque, aluaxaque, aluahasaque, aluasaque, alguaxac, arguaxaque
- → Classical Syriac: ܐܘܫܩ (ʾawšāq)[1][3][5]
Further reading edit
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[5] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 38
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “أشق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[6] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 437
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “أشق”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[7], London: W.H. Allen, page 46
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Henning, Walter Bruno (1955) “The Middle-Persian Word for ‘Beer’”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, volume 17, number 3, , pages 603–604
- ^ See for example “σίλφιον – Ferula tingitana”, in Dioscórides Interactivo[1] (in Spanish), 2024 which probably related to Ferula tingitana however Dorema ammoniacum was used the same by the Hellenes and the Arabic translators of Greek identified the former with the latter – so also Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[2] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, , page 56.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[3] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, page 457
- ^ Steiger, Arnald (1960) “Voces de origen oriental contenidas en el Tesoro lexicográfico de Samuel Gili Gaya”, in Revista de Filología Española[4] (in Spanish), volume 43, numbers 1.o–2.o, , page 56
- ^ “ˀwšq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–