استخدام
Arabic edit
Root |
---|
خ د م (ḵ-d-m) |
Etymology edit
From the root خ د م (ḵ-d-m), from اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
اِسْتِخْدَام • (istiḵdām) m (plural اِسْتِخْدَامَات (istiḵdāmāt))
- verbal noun of اِسْتَخْدَمَ (istaḵdama) (form X)
- use
- Synonym: اِسْتِعْمَال (istiʕmāl)
- making use of or hiring one's services
- looking out for work or service
Declension edit
Declension of noun اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | اِسْتِخْدَام istiḵdām |
الِاسْتِخْدَام al-istiḵdām |
اِسْتِخْدَام istiḵdām |
Nominative | اِسْتِخْدَامٌ istiḵdāmun |
الِاسْتِخْدَامُ al-istiḵdāmu |
اِسْتِخْدَامُ istiḵdāmu |
Accusative | اِسْتِخْدَامًا istiḵdāman |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَ al-istiḵdāma |
اِسْتِخْدَامَ istiḵdāma |
Genitive | اِسْتِخْدَامٍ istiḵdāmin |
الِاسْتِخْدَامِ al-istiḵdāmi |
اِسْتِخْدَامِ istiḵdāmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | اِسْتِخْدَامَيْن istiḵdāmayn |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْن al-istiḵdāmayn |
اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay |
Nominative | اِسْتِخْدَامَانِ istiḵdāmāni |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَانِ al-istiḵdāmāni |
اِسْتِخْدَامَا istiḵdāmā |
Accusative | اِسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ istiḵdāmayni |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ al-istiḵdāmayni |
اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay |
Genitive | اِسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ istiḵdāmayni |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَيْنِ al-istiḵdāmayni |
اِسْتِخْدَامَيْ istiḵdāmay |
Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | اِسْتِخْدَامَات istiḵdāmāt |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَات al-istiḵdāmāt |
اِسْتِخْدَامَات istiḵdāmāt |
Nominative | اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٌ istiḵdāmātun |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتُ al-istiḵdāmātu |
اِسْتِخْدَامَاتُ istiḵdāmātu |
Accusative | اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٍ istiḵdāmātin |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتِ al-istiḵdāmāti |
اِسْتِخْدَامَاتِ istiḵdāmāti |
Genitive | اِسْتِخْدَامَاتٍ istiḵdāmātin |
الِاسْتِخْدَامَاتِ al-istiḵdāmāti |
اِسْتِخْدَامَاتِ istiḵdāmāti |
Descendants edit
- → Azerbaijani: istixdam
- → Persian: استخدام
- → Ottoman Turkish: استخدام (istihdâm)
- → Turkish: istihdam
References edit
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “استخدام”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[1], London: W.H. Allen
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “خير”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Pashto edit
Etymology edit
From Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
استخدام • (estexdām) m
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔis.tix.ˈdɑːm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔes.t̪ʰex.d̪ɒ́ːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔis.t̪ʰiχ.d̪ɔ́m]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | istixdām |
Dari reading? | istixdām |
Iranian reading? | estexdâm |
Tajik reading? | istixdom |
Noun edit
Dari | اِسْتِخدام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | истихдом |
استخدام • (estexdâm)
- employment
- قرارداد استخدام ― qarârdâd-e estexdâm ― employment contract
Derived terms edit
- استخدام شدن (estexdâm šodan, “to be employed”)
- استخدام کردن (estexdâm kardan, “to employ”)
South Levantine Arabic edit
Root |
---|
خ د م |
5 terms |
Etymology edit
From Arabic اِسْتِخْدَام (istiḵdām). Equivalent to the verbal noun of استخدم (istaḵdam, “to use”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
استخدام • (istiḵdām) m