تلف

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ت ل ف (t-l-f)

Verb edit

تَلِفَ • (talifa) I, non-past يَتْلَفُ‎ (yatlafu)

to perish, to become marred, to be spoiled, to suffer annihilation
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 10, page 677 line 6:
  وقد تخرج للدابة من حنكها ويسمي التحنيك وصفة العمل في ذلك إذا أحنكت الدابة فأفتح لها من الدرجة الثالثة والرابعة ولا تفتح لها قرب الباب لأن الدم ربما عسر إمساكه فتلف الدابة.
  One may extract the blood from the jaw of a beast and it is called taḥnīk and the operation consists in that you have bound the beast with a chinstrap and now cut it open to the third or fourth degree but don’t open it close the throat as it may be difficult to contain the blood and the beast will succumb.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

تَلِفَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun تَلَف)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَلَف talaf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					تَالِف tālif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَتْلُوف matlūf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَلِفْتُ taliftu	تَلِفْتَ talifta	تَلِفَ talifa	تَلِفْتُمَا taliftumā	تَلِفَا talifā	تَلِفْنَا talifnā	تَلِفْتُمْ taliftum	تَلِفُوا talifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	تَلِفْتُ taliftu	تَلِفْتِ talifti	تَلِفَتْ talifat	تَلِفْتُمَا taliftumā	تَلِفَتَا talifatā	تَلِفْنَا talifnā	تَلِفْتُنَّ taliftunna	تَلِفْنَ talifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتْلَفُ ʔatlafu	تَتْلَفُ tatlafu	يَتْلَفُ yatlafu	تَتْلَفَانِ tatlafāni	يَتْلَفَانِ yatlafāni	نَتْلَفُ natlafu	تَتْلَفُونَ tatlafūna	يَتْلَفُونَ yatlafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَتْلَفُ ʔatlafu	تَتْلَفِينَ tatlafīna	تَتْلَفُ tatlafu	تَتْلَفَانِ tatlafāni	تَتْلَفَانِ tatlafāni	نَتْلَفُ natlafu	تَتْلَفْنَ tatlafna	يَتْلَفْنَ yatlafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتْلَفَ ʔatlafa	تَتْلَفَ tatlafa	يَتْلَفَ yatlafa	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	يَتْلَفَا yatlafā	نَتْلَفَ natlafa	تَتْلَفُوا tatlafū	يَتْلَفُوا yatlafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَتْلَفَ ʔatlafa	تَتْلَفِي tatlafī	تَتْلَفَ tatlafa	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	نَتْلَفَ natlafa	تَتْلَفْنَ tatlafna	يَتْلَفْنَ yatlafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتْلَفْ ʔatlaf	تَتْلَفْ tatlaf	يَتْلَفْ yatlaf	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	يَتْلَفَا yatlafā	نَتْلَفْ natlaf	تَتْلَفُوا tatlafū	يَتْلَفُوا yatlafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَتْلَفْ ʔatlaf	تَتْلَفِي tatlafī	تَتْلَفْ tatlaf	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	تَتْلَفَا tatlafā	نَتْلَفْ natlaf	تَتْلَفْنَ tatlafna	يَتْلَفْنَ yatlafna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِتْلَفْ itlaf		اِتْلَفَا itlafā			اِتْلَفُوا itlafū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِتْلَفِي itlafī		اِتْلَفَا itlafā			اِتْلَفْنَ itlafna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُلِفَ tulifa	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتْلَفُ yutlafu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتْلَفَ yutlafa	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتْلَفْ yutlaf	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Verb edit

تَلَّفَ • (tallafa) II, non-past يُتَلِّفُ‎ (yutallifu)

to make perish, to spoil, to ruin, to destroy

Noun edit

تَلَف • (talaf) m

destruction

Declension edit

Declension of noun تَلَف (talaf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَلَف talaf	التَّلَف at-talaf	تَلَف talaf
Nominative	تَلَفٌ talafun	التَّلَفُ at-talafu	تَلَفُ talafu
Accusative	تَلَفًا talafan	التَّلَفَ at-talafa	تَلَفَ talafa
Genitive	تَلَفٍ talafin	التَّلَفِ at-talafi	تَلَفِ talafi

Descendants edit

→ Azerbaijani: tələf
→ Northern Kurdish: telef
→ Ottoman Turkish: تلف
- Turkish: telef
→ Persian: تلف
→ Uzbek: talaf

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Audio (file)

Verb edit

تُلْفِ • (tulfi) (form IV)

second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of أَلْفَى (ʔalfā)
third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of أَلْفَى (ʔalfā)

Verb edit

تُلْفَ • (tulfa) (form IV)

second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive of أَلْفَى (ʔalfā)
third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive of أَلْفَى (ʔalfā)

References edit

Wehr, Hans (1979) “تلف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic edit

Root
ت ل ف
1 term

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic تَلَفَ (talafa).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /tlaf/

Verb edit

تلف • (tlaf) I (non-past يتلف (yitlaf))

to get lost
تلفت فالمدينة القديمة
tlaft f-le-mdīna le-qdīma
I got lost in the old part of the city.

Conjugation edit

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic تَلَّفَ (tallafa).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /tal.laf/

Verb edit

تلف • (tallaf) II (non-past يتلف (ytallaf))

to cause to get lost, to make someone get lost
to cause to lose focus
تلفتيني من كترة الهدرة
tallaftīni men katrat el-hadra
I lost focus because of your excessive talking.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of تلف
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	تلّفت (tallaft)	تلّفتي (tallafti)	تلّف (tallaf)	تلّفنا (tallafna)	تلّفتوا (tallaftu)	تلّفوا (tallfu)
past	f	تلّفت (tallaft)	تلّفتي (tallafti)	تلّفت (tallfāt)	تلّفنا (tallafna)	تلّفتوا (tallaftu)	تلّفوا (tallfu)
non-past	m	نتلّف (ntallaf)	تتلّف (ttallaf)	يتلّف (ytallaf)	نتلّفوا (ntallfu)	تتلّفوا (ttallfu)	يتلّفوا (ytallfu)
non-past	f	نتلّف (ntallaf)	تتلّفي (ttallfi)	تتلّف (ttallaf)	نتلّفوا (ntallfu)	تتلّفوا (ttallfu)	يتلّفوا (ytallfu)
imperative	m		تلّف (tallaf)			تلّفوا (tallfu)
imperative	f		تلّفي (tallfi)			تلّفوا (tallfu)

Etymology 3 edit

From Arabic تَلَف (talaf).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /talf/

Noun edit

تلف • (talf) m

act of losing

Persian edit

Etymology edit

From Arabic تَلَف (talaf).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.ˈlaf]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.lǽf]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.lǽf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.lǽf]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.lǽf]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.lǽf]

Readings
Classical reading^?	talaf
Dari reading^?	talaf
Iranian reading^?	talaf
Tajik reading^?	talaf

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	تلف
Dari	تلف
Tajik	талаф

تلف • (talaf) (plural تلفات (talafât))

destruction, perishing, waste, death

Derived terms edit

تلف شدن (talaf šodan, “to be destroyed, to be wasted”)
تلف کردن (talaf kardan, “to destroy, to waste”)