سفينة

Arabic edit

Etymology edit

From Aramaic סְפינִתָּא / ܣܦܻܝܢܬܳܐ (sǝp̄īntā). Forming the root س ف ن (s-f-n). Cognate with Hebrew סְפִינָה (sᵊfīnāh).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /sa.fiː.na/
- (Gulf Arabic) IPA^(key): /səˈfiː.nə/
Audio (file)

Noun edit

سَفِينَة • (safīna) f (plural سُفُن (sufun) or سَفَائِن (safāʔin))

ship, vessel
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 29:14-15:
  وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَلَبِثَ فِيهِمْ أَلْفَ سَنَةٍ إِلَّا خَمْسِينَ عَامًا فَأَخَذَهُمُ ٱلطُّوفَانُ وَهُمْ ظَالِمُونَ فَأَنْجَيْنَاهُ وَأَصْحَابَ ٱلسَّفِينَةِ وَجَعَلْنَاهَا آيَةً لِلْعَالَمِينَ
  wa-laqad ʔarsalnā nūḥan ʔilā qawmihi fa-labiṯa fīhim ʔalfa sanatin ʔillā ḵamsīna ʕāman fa-ʔaḵaḏahumu ṭ-ṭūfānu wahum ẓālimūna fa-ʔanjaynāhu wa-ʔaṣḥāba s-safīnati wa-jaʕalnāhā ʔāyatan li-l-ʕālamīna
  And We certainly sent Noah to his people, and he remained among them nine hundred and fifty years, and the flood seized them while they were wrongdoers. But We saved him and the companions of the ship, and We made it a sign for the worlds.
- 10th century, Al-Mutanabbi
  مَا كُلُّ مَا يَتَمَنَّى ٱلْمَرْءُ يُدْرِكُهُ
  تَجْرِي ٱلرِّيَاحُ بِمَا لَا تَشْتَهِي ٱلسُّفُنُ
  mā kullu mā yatamannā l-marʔu yudrikuhu
  tajrī r-riyāḥu bimā lā taštahī s-sufunu
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Synonym: فُلْك (fulk)

Declension edit

Declension of noun سَفِينَة (safīna)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَفِينَة safīna	السَّفِينَة as-safīna	سَفِينَة safīnat
Nominative	سَفِينَةٌ safīnatun	السَّفِينَةُ as-safīnatu	سَفِينَةُ safīnatu
Accusative	سَفِينَةً safīnatan	السَّفِينَةَ as-safīnata	سَفِينَةَ safīnata
Genitive	سَفِينَةٍ safīnatin	السَّفِينَةِ as-safīnati	سَفِينَةِ safīnati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَفِينَتَيْن safīnatayn	السَّفِينَتَيْن as-safīnatayn	سَفِينَتَيْ safīnatay
Nominative	سَفِينَتَانِ safīnatāni	السَّفِينَتَانِ as-safīnatāni	سَفِينَتَا safīnatā
Accusative	سَفِينَتَيْنِ safīnatayni	السَّفِينَتَيْنِ as-safīnatayni	سَفِينَتَيْ safīnatay
Genitive	سَفِينَتَيْنِ safīnatayni	السَّفِينَتَيْنِ as-safīnatayni	سَفِينَتَيْ safīnatay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُفُن‎; سَفَائِن sufun‎; safāʔin	السُّفُن‎; السَّفَائِن as-sufun‎; as-safāʔin	سُفُن‎; سَفَائِن sufun‎; safāʔin
Nominative	سُفُنٌ‎; سَفَائِنُ sufunun‎; safāʔinu	السُّفُنُ‎; السَّفَائِنُ as-sufunu‎; as-safāʔinu	سُفُنُ‎; سَفَائِنُ sufunu‎; safāʔinu
Accusative	سُفُنًا‎; سَفَائِنَ sufunan‎; safāʔina	السُّفُنَ‎; السَّفَائِنَ as-sufuna‎; as-safāʔina	سُفُنَ‎; سَفَائِنَ sufuna‎; safāʔina
Genitive	سُفُنٍ‎; سَفَائِنَ sufunin‎; safāʔina	السُّفُنِ‎; السَّفَائِنِ as-sufuni‎; as-safāʔini	سُفُنِ‎; سَفَائِنِ sufuni‎; safāʔini

Derived terms edit

سَفِينَة فَضَائِيَّة (safīna faḍāʔiyya, “spaceship”)
سَفِينَةُ الصَّحْرَاءِ (safīnatu ṣ-ṣaḥrāʔi, “ship of the desert”)

Descendants edit

Gulf Arabic: سفينة (safīna)
South Levantine Arabic: سفينة (safīne)
→ Kurdish
- Northern Kurdish: sefîne
→ Ottoman Turkish: سفینه (sefine)
- Turkish: sefine
→ Persian: سفینه (safine)
→ Swahili: safina

References edit

Ahrens, Karl (1930) “Christliches im Qoran. Eine Nachlese”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎^[1] (in German), volume 84, page 25
Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 641
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 216–217
Garosi, Eugenio (2022 December 1) “Regional Diversity in the Use of Administrative Loanwords in Early Islamic Arabic Documentary Sources (632–800 CE): A Preliminary Survey”, in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean World. From Constantinople to Baghdad, 500-1000 CE, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 419
Guidi, Ignazio (1879) Della sede primitiva dei popoli semitici (in Italian), Rome: Tipi del Salviucci, pages 37–38 footnote 10
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 171–172
Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 88