Arabic

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Root
ش م س (š m s)
3 terms

Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Semitic *śamš-.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ʃams/
    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

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    شَمْس (šamsf (plural شُمُوس (šumūs))

    1. sun
      تُشْرِقُ ٱلشَّمْسُ كُلَّ صَبَاحٍ وَتُنِيرُ ٱلْعَالَمَ بِنُورِهَا.
      tušriqu š-šamsu kulla ṣabāḥin watunīru l-ʕālama binūrihā.
      The sun rises every morning and illuminates the world with its light.
    Declension
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    Descendants
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    • Gulf Arabic: شمس (šams)
    • Maltese: xemx
    • Moroccan Arabic: شمش (šamš), شمس (šams)
    • South Levantine Arabic: شمس (šams)
    • Classical Persian: شَمْس (šams)
    • Malay: syamsi, syamsu
    • Ottoman Turkish: شمس (şems)

    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    شَمَسَ (šamasa) I (non-past يَشْمُسُ (yašmusu), verbal noun شُمُوس (šumūs) or شِمَاس (šimās))

    1. to be headstrong, to be restive
    Conjugation
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    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ʃa.ma.sa/, /ʃa.mi.sa/

    Verb

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    شَمَسَ (šamasa) I (non-past يَشْمِسُ (yašmisu) or يَشْمُسُ (yašmusu), verbal noun شَمْس (šams) or شُمُوس (šumūs))
    شَمِسَ (šamisa) I (non-past يَشْمَسُ (yašmasu), verbal noun شَمَس (šamas))

    1. to be sunny
    Conjugation
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    Etymology 4

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    شَمَّسَ (šammasa) II (non-past يُشَمِّسُ (yušammisu), verbal noun تَشْمِيس (tašmīs))

    1. to expose to the sun, to sun-dry
    2. to worship the sun
    3. to perform the office of deacon
    4. to frighten
    Conjugation
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    Etymology 5

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    شَمَس (šamasm

    1. verbal noun of شَمِسَ (šamisa) (form I)
    Declension
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    References

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    • Freytag, Georg (1833) “شمس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 450
    • Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “شمس”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc[2] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1269
    • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “شمس”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 555
    • Wehr, Hans (1979) “شمس”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
    • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شمس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 674

    Malay

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    Noun

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    شمس (plural شمس-شمس or شمس۲, informal 1st possessive شمسکو, 2nd possessive شمسمو, 3rd possessive شمسڽ)

    1. Jawi spelling of syamsi
    2. Jawi spelling of syamsu

    Moroccan Arabic

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    شمس (šamsf (plural شموس (šmūs) or شموسة (šmūsa))

    1. Alternative form of شمش (šamš)

    Ottoman Turkish

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    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Arabic شَمْس (šams).

      Noun

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      شمس (şems)

      1. sun
        Synonyms: آفتاب (afitab), گونش (güneş)
      2. sunshine
        Synonym: گونش (güneş)

      Descendants

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      Persian

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from Arabic شَمْس (šams).

        Pronunciation

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        Readings
        Classical reading? šams
        Dari reading? šams
        Iranian reading? šams
        Tajik reading? šams

        Noun

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        شمس (šams)

        1. sun

        Proper noun

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        شمس (šams)

        1. Ash-Shams (Sura of the Quran)

        Descendants

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        South Levantine Arabic

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        Root
        ش م س
        4 terms

        Etymology 1

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          From Arabic شَمْس (šams).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          شمس (šamsf

          1. sun
          Derived terms
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          See also

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          Etymology 2

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          From Arabic شَمَّسَ (šammasa).

          Pronunciation

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          Verb

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          شمّس (šammas) II (present بشمّس (bišammes), active participle مشمّس (mšammes))

          1. (impersonal) to be sunny
            عم بتشمّس.ʕam bitšammis.It's sunny.
          2. to air, to spread out to dry in the sun
            شمّسنا الفراش.šammasna l-frāšWe aired the bedding.
          Conjugation
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              Conjugation of شمّس (šammas)
          singular plural
          1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
          past m شمّست (šammast) شمّست (šammast) شمّس (šammas) شمّسنا (šammasna) شمّستو (šammastu) شمّسو (šammasu)
          f شمّستي (šammasti) شمّست (šammasat)
          present m بشمّس (bašammes) بتشمّس (bitšammes) بشمّس (bišammes) منشمّس (minšammes) بتشمّسو (bitšammsu) بشمّسو (bišammsu)
          f بتشمّسي (bitšammsi) بتشمّس (bitšammes)
          subjunctive m اشمّس (ašammes) تشمّس (tšammes) يشمّس (yšammes) نشمّس (nšammes) تشمّسو (tšammsu) يشمّسو (yšammsu)
          f تشمّسي (tšammsi) تشمّس (tšammes)
          imperative m شمّس (šammes) شمّسو (šammsu)
          f شمّسي (šammsi)

          See also

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          Weather · الطقس (iṭ-ṭaʔs)
          Sunny Rainy Snowy Cloudy Dark
          Verb شمّس (šammas) شتّى (šatta) تلّج (tallaj) غيّم (ḡayyam) عتّم (ʕattam)
          Adjective مشمّس (mšammes) مشتّي (mšatti) متلّج (mtallej) مغيّم (mḡayyem) عتم (ʕitm)
          Noun شمس (šams) شتا (šita) تلج (tilj) غيم (ḡēm) عتمة (ʕatme)

          Urdu

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          Etymology

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            Borrowed from Classical Persian شَمْس (šams), from Arabic شَمْس (šams).

            Pronunciation

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            Noun

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            شَمْس (śamsm (formal plural شُمُوس (śumūs), Hindi spelling शम्स)

            1. sun
              Synonyms: سُورَج (sūraj), آفْتاب (āftāb), خورْشِید (xorśīd), سُورِیَہ (sūriya)

            Further reading

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            • شمس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
            • شمس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
            • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “شمس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
            • Platts, John T. (1884) “شمس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
            • John Shakespear (1834) “شمس”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
            • S. W. Fallon (1879) “شمس”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.