قثاء
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
- Leonid Kogan and Jussi Aro list it as being Proto-Semitic (which already Zimmern suspected), cognate to Ge'ez ቍሳይ (ḳʷəsay), ቈስያ (ḳʷäsya, “cucumber”), Akkadian 𒄾 (qiššû, “cucumber”), Hebrew קשוא (qiššūʾ, “Armenian cucumber”), Classical Syriac ܩܰܛܽܘܬܳܐ (qaṭṭūtā, “cucumber”) (one explains the Syriac middle consonant as having developed */t/ → /tˤ/ because of /q/).
- It is a wanderwort found as Sumerian 𒄾 (ukuš2, “cucumber”) Ancient Greek σικύα (sikúa, “bottle gourd”), Ancient Greek σίκυος (síkuos), σικυός (sikuós), σίκυς (síkus, “cucumber”), Latin cucumis (“cucumber”), Old Armenian սեխ (sex, “muskmelon”), and possibly Proto-Slavic *tyky (“pumpkin, gourd”). Doublet of كُوسَا (kūsā, “zucchini”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
قِثَّاء or قُثَّاء • (qiṯṯāʔ or quṯṯāʔ) m (collective, singulative قِثَّاءَة f (qiṯṯāʔa) or قُثَّاءَة (quṯṯāʔa))
- Cucumis in general
- Armenian cucumber
Declension edit
Declension of noun قِثَّاء (qiṯṯāʔ); قُثَّاء (quṯṯāʔ)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قِثَّاء; قُثَّاء qiṯṯāʔ; quṯṯāʔ |
الْقِثَّاء; الْقُثَّاء al-qiṯṯāʔ; al-quṯṯāʔ |
قِثَّاء; قُثَّاء qiṯṯāʔ; quṯṯāʔ |
| Nominative | قِثَّاءٌ; قُثَّاءٌ qiṯṯāʔun; quṯṯāʔun |
الْقِثَّاءُ; الْقُثَّاءُ al-qiṯṯāʔu; al-quṯṯāʔu |
قِثَّاءُ; قُثَّاءُ qiṯṯāʔu; quṯṯāʔu |
| Accusative | قِثَّاءً; قُثَّاءً qiṯṯāʔan; quṯṯāʔan |
الْقِثَّاءَ; الْقُثَّاءَ al-qiṯṯāʔa; al-quṯṯāʔa |
قِثَّاءَ; قُثَّاءَ qiṯṯāʔa; quṯṯāʔa |
| Genitive | قِثَّاءٍ; قُثَّاءٍ qiṯṯāʔin; quṯṯāʔin |
الْقِثَّاءِ; الْقُثَّاءِ al-qiṯṯāʔi; al-quṯṯāʔi |
قِثَّاءِ; قُثَّاءِ qiṯṯāʔi; quṯṯāʔi |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قِثَّاءَة; قُثَّاءَة qiṯṯāʔa; quṯṯāʔa |
الْقِثَّاءَة; الْقُثَّاءَة al-qiṯṯāʔa; al-quṯṯāʔa |
قِثَّاءَة; قُثَّاءَة qiṯṯāʔat; quṯṯāʔat |
| Nominative | قِثَّاءَةٌ; قُثَّاءَةٌ qiṯṯāʔatun; quṯṯāʔatun |
الْقِثَّاءَةُ; الْقُثَّاءَةُ al-qiṯṯāʔatu; al-quṯṯāʔatu |
قِثَّاءَةُ; قُثَّاءَةُ qiṯṯāʔatu; quṯṯāʔatu |
| Accusative | قِثَّاءَةً; قُثَّاءَةً qiṯṯāʔatan; quṯṯāʔatan |
الْقِثَّاءَةَ; الْقُثَّاءَةَ al-qiṯṯāʔata; al-quṯṯāʔata |
قِثَّاءَةَ; قُثَّاءَةَ qiṯṯāʔata; quṯṯāʔata |
| Genitive | قِثَّاءَةٍ; قُثَّاءَةٍ qiṯṯāʔatin; quṯṯāʔatin |
الْقِثَّاءَةِ; الْقُثَّاءَةِ al-qiṯṯāʔati; al-quṯṯāʔati |
قِثَّاءَةِ; قُثَّاءَةِ qiṯṯāʔati; quṯṯāʔati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | قِثَّاءَتَيْن; قُثَّاءَتَيْن qiṯṯāʔatayn; quṯṯāʔatayn |
الْقِثَّاءَتَيْن; الْقُثَّاءَتَيْن al-qiṯṯāʔatayn; al-quṯṯāʔatayn |
قِثَّاءَتَيْ; قُثَّاءَتَيْ qiṯṯāʔatay; quṯṯāʔatay |
| Nominative | قِثَّاءَتَانِ; قُثَّاءَتَانِ qiṯṯāʔatāni; quṯṯāʔatāni |
الْقِثَّاءَتَانِ; الْقُثَّاءَتَانِ al-qiṯṯāʔatāni; al-quṯṯāʔatāni |
قِثَّاءَتَا; قُثَّاءَتَا qiṯṯāʔatā; quṯṯāʔatā |
| Accusative | قِثَّاءَتَيْنِ; قُثَّاءَتَيْنِ qiṯṯāʔatayni; quṯṯāʔatayni |
الْقِثَّاءَتَيْنِ; الْقُثَّاءَتَيْنِ al-qiṯṯāʔatayni; al-quṯṯāʔatayni |
قِثَّاءَتَيْ; قُثَّاءَتَيْ qiṯṯāʔatay; quṯṯāʔatay |
| Genitive | قِثَّاءَتَيْنِ; قُثَّاءَتَيْنِ qiṯṯāʔatayni; quṯṯāʔatayni |
الْقِثَّاءَتَيْنِ; الْقُثَّاءَتَيْنِ al-qiṯṯāʔatayni; al-quṯṯāʔatayni |
قِثَّاءَتَيْ; قُثَّاءَتَيْ qiṯṯāʔatay; quṯṯāʔatay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | قِثَّاءَات; قُثَّاءَات qiṯṯāʔāt; quṯṯāʔāt |
الْقِثَّاءَات; الْقُثَّاءَات al-qiṯṯāʔāt; al-quṯṯāʔāt |
قِثَّاءَات; قُثَّاءَات qiṯṯāʔāt; quṯṯāʔāt |
| Nominative | قِثَّاءَاتٌ; قُثَّاءَاتٌ qiṯṯāʔātun; quṯṯāʔātun |
الْقِثَّاءَاتُ; الْقُثَّاءَاتُ al-qiṯṯāʔātu; al-quṯṯāʔātu |
قِثَّاءَاتُ; قُثَّاءَاتُ qiṯṯāʔātu; quṯṯāʔātu |
| Accusative | قِثَّاءَاتٍ; قُثَّاءَاتٍ qiṯṯāʔātin; quṯṯāʔātin |
الْقِثَّاءَاتِ; الْقُثَّاءَاتِ al-qiṯṯāʔāti; al-quṯṯāʔāti |
قِثَّاءَاتِ; قُثَّاءَاتِ qiṯṯāʔāti; quṯṯāʔāti |
| Genitive | قِثَّاءَاتٍ; قُثَّاءَاتٍ qiṯṯāʔātin; quṯṯāʔātin |
الْقِثَّاءَاتِ; الْقُثَّاءَاتِ al-qiṯṯāʔāti; al-quṯṯāʔāti |
قِثَّاءَاتِ; قُثَّاءَاتِ qiṯṯāʔāti; quṯṯāʔāti |
Descendants edit
- Egyptian Arabic: قتا (ʔatta, “a long variety of cucumber”)
- → Amharic: ቋሳ (ḳʷasa, “cucumber”)
- → Ge'ez: ቀታ (ḳäta, “cucumber”)
References edit
- Aro, Jussi (1963) “Gemeinsemitische Ackerbauterminologie”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft (in German), volume 113, pages 478–479
- Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 203
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “قثاء”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[1], London: Williams & Norgate
- Löw, Immanuel (1928) Die Flora der Juden[2] (in German), volume 1, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 530–535
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “قثاء”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[3] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 1002
- Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 58