अब
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀳𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀁 (havvaṃ) or 𑀅𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀁 (avvaṃ), from Sanskrit अ (a, “this”) + एवम् एव (evam eva, “just now”). Compare जब (jab), तब (tab), and कब (kab).
Adverb edit
- now
- अब क्या करोगे? ― ab kyā karoge? ― What will you do now?
- after all
- जायज़ है कि घोड़े नहीं उड़ सकते, अब वो कोई पंछी हैं क्या?
- jāyaz hai ki ghoṛe nahī̃ uṛ sakte, ab vo koī pañchī ha͠i kyā?
- It's obvious that horses can't fly, after all they are not birds, are they?
Coordinate terms edit
| type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
| emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
| time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
| emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
| place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
| emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
| quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
| direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
| quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
| manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
| reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) | |||
Derived terms edit
References edit
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “अब”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “अब”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “अब”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “अब”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ēvam ēva”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Sanskrit अ (a) + एवम् एव (evam eva). Compare Hindi अब (ab).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
अब • (aba)