चतुरङ्ग
Sanskrit
Etymology
Compound of चतुर् (catur, “four”) and अङ्ग (aṅga, “limb, member”).
Adjective
चतुरङ्ग (cátur-aṅga)
- having 4 limbs (or extremities) (RV. X, 92, 11, ŚBr. XII)
- RV 10.92.11
- ते हि दयावाप्र्थिवी भूरिरेतसा नराशंसश्चतुरङगोयमो.अदितिः |
- देवस्त्वष्टा दरविणोदा रभुक्षणः पररोदसी मरुतो विष्णुरर्हिरे ||
- te hi dyāvāpṛthivī bhūriretasā narāśaṃsaścaturaṅghoyamo.aditiḥ |
- devastvaṣṭā draviṇodā ṛbhukṣaṇaḥ prarodasī maruto viṣṇurarhire ||
- For these, the Earth and Heaven with their abundant seed, four-bodied Narāśaṁsa, Yama, Aditi,
- God Tvaṣṭar Wealth-bestower, the Ṛbhukṣaṇas, Rodasī, Maruts, Viṣṇu, claim and merit praise.
- RV 10.92.11
- (with बल (bala, “an army”)) comprising (4 parts, viz.) elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry (MBh. III, 790, R. II, 51, 7)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅgaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅgam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅgān) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅgeṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅgaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅgāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅgāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅgasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅgāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅgeṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | चतुरङगा (caturaṅgā) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगाम् (caturaṅgām) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगया (caturaṅgayā) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगाभिः (caturaṅgābhiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगायै (caturaṅgāyai) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅgābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅgāyāḥ) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगाभ्यः (caturaṅgābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगायाः (caturaṅgāyāḥ) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅgāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगायाम् (caturaṅgāyām) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगासु (caturaṅgāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅgam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅgāṇi) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅga) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅgāṇi) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅgam) | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगाणि (caturaṅgāṇi) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅgeṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅgaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅgāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅgāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅgasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅgāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅgeṣu) |
Noun
चतुरङ्ग (cátur-aṅga) m
- Cucumis utilissimus (?) (L.)
- name of a son of रोमपाद (roma-pāda) or लोमपाद (loma-pāda) (Hariv. 1697 f., BhP. IX, 23, 10)
- (scil. बल (bala)) = चतुरङ्गबल (cátur-aṅga-bala) (AV., Pariś. ??, MBh. IX, 446)
- (chess) a kind of chess (played by 4 parties) (Tithyād.)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of चतुरङ्ग
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | चतुरङगः (caturaṅgaḥ) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Vocative | चतुरङग (caturaṅga) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगाः (caturaṅgāḥ) |
| Accusative | चतुरङगम् (caturaṅgam) | चतुरङगौ (caturaṅgau) | चतुरङगान् (caturaṅgān) |
| Instrumental | चतुरङगेण (caturaṅgeṇa) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगैः (caturaṅgaiḥ) |
| Dative | चतुरङगाय (caturaṅgāya) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | चतुरङगात् (caturaṅgāt) | चतुरङगाभ्याम् (caturaṅgābhyām) | चतुरङगेभ्यः (caturaṅgebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | चतुरङगस्य (caturaṅgasya) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगाणाम् (caturaṅgāṇām) |
| Locative | चतुरङगे (caturaṅge) | चतुरङगयोः (caturaṅgayoḥ) | चतुरङगेषु (caturaṅgeṣu) |
Descendants
- Georgian: ჭადრაკი (čadraki)
- Old Armenian: ճատրակ (čatrak)
- Malay: catur
- Indonesian: catur
- Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭲𐭥𐭭𐭢 (čatrang)
- New Persian: شترنگ (šatrang)
- Turkish: satranç
References
- Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898, page 0384
