चीन
Hindi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
चीन • (cīn) m (Urdu spelling چین)
Declension edit
Declension of चीन (sg-only masc cons-stem)
| singular | |
|---|---|
| direct | चीन cīn |
| oblique | चीन cīn |
| vocative | चीन cīn |
Marathi edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Sanskrit चीन (cīna).
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
चीन • (cīn) n
Derived terms edit
- चीनी (cīnī, “Chinese language”)
See also edit
- (countries of Asia) आशियातील देश (āśiyātīl deś); अझरबैजान (aj̈harbaijān), अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān), आर्मेनिया (ārmeniyā), इजिप्त (ijipta), इंडोनेशिया (iṇḍoneśiyā), इराक (irāk), इराण (irāṇ), इस्रायल (isrāyal), उझबेकिस्तान (uj̈hbekistān), उत्तर कोरिया (uttar koriyā), ओमान (omān), कंबोडिया (kamboḍiyā), कझाकस्तान (kaj̈hākastān), कतार (katār), किर्गिझस्तान (kirgij̈hstān), कुवेत (kuvet), चीन (cīn), जॉर्डन (jŏrḍan), जपान (japān), ताजिकिस्तान (tājikistān), तुर्की (turkī), तुर्कमेनिस्तान (turkamenistān), थायलंड (thāylaṇḍa), दक्षिण कोरिया (dakṣiṇ koriyā), नेपाळ (nepāḷ), पाकिस्तान (pākistān), पूर्व तिमोर (pūrva timor), फिलीपाईन्स (philīpāīnsa), बहरैन (bahrain), बांगलादेश (bāṅglādeś), ब्रुनेई (bruneī), भारत (bhārat), भूतान (bhūtān), मलेशिया (maleśiyā), मंगोलिया (maṅgoliyā), मालदीव (māldīv), म्यानमार (myānmār), येमेन (yemen), रशिया (raśiyā), लाओस (lāos), लेबनॉन (lebnŏn), व्हियेतनाम (vhiyetnām), श्रीलंका (śrīlaṅkā), संयुक्त अरब अमिराती (saiyukta arab amirātī), सायप्रस (sāyapras), सिंगापूर (siṅgāpūr), सीरिया (sīriyā), सौदी अरेबिया (saudī arebiyā)
References edit
- Berntsen, Maxine, “चीन”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
Nepali edit
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
चीन • (cīna)
Declension edit
| Declension of चीन | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| nominative | चीन [t͡sin] | ||
| accusative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
| instrumental/ergative | चीनले [t͡sinle] | ||
| dative | चीनलाई [t͡sinläi] | ||
| ablative | चीनबाट [t͡sinnoʈʌ] | ||
| genitive | चीनको [t͡sinko] | ||
| locative | चीनमा [t͡sinmä] | ||
| Notes: | |||
Newar edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Sanskrit चीन (cīna)
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
Sanskrit edit
Alternative forms edit
- चीण (cīṇa)
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- চীন (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬷᬦ (Balinese script)
- চীন (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰱𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀻𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- စီန (Burmese script)
- ચીન (Gujarati script)
- ਚੀਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑍀𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦷꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂲𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ಚೀನ (Kannada script)
- ចីន (Khmer script)
- ຈີນ (Lao script)
- ചീന (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᡳᡳᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘲𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠢᠢᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧓𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐷𑐣 (Newa script)
- ଚୀନ (Odia script)
- ꢗꢷꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆵𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖱𑖡 (Siddham script)
- චීන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩑𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚯𑚝 (Takri script)
- சீந (Tamil script)
- చీన (Telugu script)
- จีน (Thai script)
- ཙཱི་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒲𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨁𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Uncertain, but usually held to derive from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state.[1][2][3] Other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉／晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state;[4] 荊／荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state;[5] or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom.[5] See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia.
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
चीन • (cīna) m
- the Cīna or China (name of a people attested in classical literature, often identified as the Chinese)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 10.44:
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
पारदापह्लवाश्चीनाः किराता दरदाः खशाः ॥- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ. - the Paundrakas, the Kodas, the Dravidas, the Kambojas, the Yavanas, the Sakas,
the Paradas, the Pahlavas, the Cinas, the Kiratas, the Daradas, and the Khasas.
- pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ.
- पौण्ड्रकाश्चौड्रद्रविडाः काम्बोजा यवनाः शकाः ।
- c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata 5.19.15:
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
बभौ बलमनाधृष्यं कर्णिकारवनं यथा ॥- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
babhau balamanādhṛṣyaṃ karṇikāravanaṃ yathā. - Thronged with the Cīnas and the Kirātas, all as if (clad in) gold,
His unassailable army radiated (a splendour) like a forest of bayur trees.
- tasya cīnaiḥ kirātaiśca kāñcanairiva saṃvṛtam.
- तस्य चीनैः किरातैश्च काञ्चनैरिव संवृतम् ।
- 550 CE, Varāhamihira, Bṛhat Saṃhitā
Declension edit
| Masculine a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चीनः cīnaḥ |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनाः / चीनासः¹ cīnāḥ / cīnāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीनौ / चीना¹ cīnau / cīnā¹ |
चीनान् cīnān |
| Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
| Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants edit
- Niya Prakrit: 𐨕𐨁𐨣 (cina), 𐨕𐨁𐨎𐨣 (ciṃna)
- → Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (čīn)
- → Middle Chinese: 支那 (MC tsye na)
- → Malay: Cina
- Indonesian: Cina
- → Malayalam: ചീന (cīna)
- → Telugu: చీనా (cīnā)
- → Kannada: ಚೀನಾ (cīnā)
Noun edit
चीन • (cīna) stem, n
- a bandage for the corners of the eyes
Declension edit
| Neuter a-stem declension of चीन (cīna) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
| Vocative | चीन cīna |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
| Accusative | चीनम् cīnam |
चीने cīne |
चीनानि / चीना¹ cīnāni / cīnā¹ |
| Instrumental | चीनेन cīnena |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनैः / चीनेभिः¹ cīnaiḥ / cīnebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | चीनाय cīnāya |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | चीनात् cīnāt |
चीनाभ्याम् cīnābhyām |
चीनेभ्यः cīnebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | चीनस्य cīnasya |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनानाम् cīnānām |
| Locative | चीने cīne |
चीनयोः cīnayoḥ |
चीनेषु cīneṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References edit
- ^ Dr M. R. Singh (1972) Geographical Data in Early Puranas, page 172
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “cīna-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 191
- ^ Yule, Henry (2005) Cathay and the Way Thither[2], →ISBN, pages 2–3
- ^ Zhengzhang, Shangfang (鄭張尚芳) (2006) “古译名勘原辨讹五例 [A correction of the erroneous etymologic analyses on five ancient translated names]”, in 中国语文 (in Chinese), volume 315, →ISSN, pages 541–549
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wade Geoff (2009-05) “The Polity of Yelang and the Origin of the Name 'China'”, in Sino-Platonic Papers[3], number 188
- Monier Williams (1899) “चीन”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0399.