पुस्तक

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Doublet of पोथा (pothā) and पोस्त (post).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /pʊs.t̪ək/, [pʊs.t̪ɐk]
• Rhymes: -ək

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) f (Urdu spelling پستک)

1. book, manuscript, volume

   Synonyms: किताब (kitāb), दस्तावेज़ (dastāvez), सहीफ़ा (sahīfā), ग्रंथ (granth), शास्त्र (śāstra)

   पुस्तकें यहाँ बिकती हैं। ― pustakẽ yahā̃ biktī ha͠i. ― Books are sold here.

Declension

Declension of पुस्तक (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	पुस्तक pustak	पुस्तकें pustakẽ
oblique	पुस्तक pustak	पुस्तकों pustakõ
vocative	पुस्तक pustak	पुस्तको pustako

Synonyms

• किताब (kitāb)

Derived terms

• पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)
• पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak)

Konkani

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pustək]

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) n (Latin script pustok, Kannada script ಪುಸ್ತಕ್)

1. book

Maithili

Etymology

From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pʊstək]

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) (Tirhuta 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏)

1. book

Synonyms

• किताप (kitāp)

Derived terms

• पुस्तकालय (pustakālay)

Marathi

एक पुस्तक

Etymology

नपुसकलिंग (napusakliṅga): पुस्तक n (pustak)
स्त्रीलिंग (strīliṅga): पुस्तिका f (pustikā)

From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka). Cognate with Gujarati પુસ્તક (pustak), Hindi पुस्तक (pustak), Konkani पुस्तक (pustak), Nepali पुस्तक (pustak).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pus.t̪ək/

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak) n

1. book

   मला हे पुस्तक खूप आवडले.

   malā he pustak khūp āvaḍle.

   I really liked this book.

Declension

Declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	पुस्तक pustak
direct plural	पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	पुस्तक pustak		पुस्तके, पुस्तकं pustake, pustaka
oblique सामान्यरूप	पुस्तका pustakā		पुस्तकां- pustakān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	पुस्तकाला pustakālā		पुस्तकांना pustakānnā
ergative	पुस्तकाने, पुस्तकानं pustakāne, pustakāna		पुस्तकांनी pustakānnī
instrumental	पुस्तकाशी pustakāśī		पुस्तकांशी pustakānśī
locative सप्तमी	पुस्तकात pustakāt		पुस्तकांत pustakāt
vocative संबोधन	पुस्तका pustakā		पुस्तकांनो pustakānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of पुस्तक (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	पुस्तकाचा pustakāċā	पुस्तकाचे pustakāċe	पुस्तकाची pustakācī	पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā	पुस्तकाचे, पुस्तकाचं pustakāċe, pustakāċa	पुस्तकाची pustakācī	पुस्तकाच्या pustakācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	पुस्तकांचा pustakānċā	पुस्तकांचे pustakānċe	पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī	पुस्तकांच्या pustakāncā	पुस्तकांचे, पुस्तकांचं pustakānċe, pustakānċa	पुस्तकांची pustakāñcī	पुस्तकांच्या pustakāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• पाठ्यपुस्तक (pāṭhyapustak, “textbook”)
• पुस्तक-विक्री केंद्र (pustak-vikrī kendra, “book stall”)
• पुस्तकालय (pustakālay, “book stall”)

 

See also

• ग्रंथालय (granthālay, “library”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine, “पुस्तक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “पुस्तक”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “पुस्तक”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Etymology

From Sanskrit पुस्तक (pustaka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pust̪ʌk]
• Phonetic Devanagari: पुस्तक्

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustak)

1. book

   Synonyms: किताप (kitāp), किताब (kitāb), पोथी (pothī)

Derived terms

• पुस्तकालय [pustakālaya]

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• পুস্তক (Assamese script)
• ᬧᬸᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
• পুস্তক (Bengali script)
• 𑰢𑰲𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• ပုသ္တက (Burmese script)
• પુસ્તક (Gujarati script)
• ਪੁਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌪𑍁𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦥꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂣𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಪುಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
• បុស្តក (Khmer script)
• ປຸສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
• പുസ്തക (Malayalam script)
• ᢒᡠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘢𑘳𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᢒᠤᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧂𑧔𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐥𑐸𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
• ପୁସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
• ꢦꢸꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆥𑆶𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖢𑖲𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
• පුස‍්තක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩰𑩒𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚞𑚰𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
• புஸ்தக (Tamil script)
• పుస్తక (Telugu script)
• ปุสฺตก (Thai script)
• པུ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒣𑒳𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨞𑨃𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Borrowed from some Middle Iranian language. Compare Sogdian [script needed] (pwst'k, “book, document, sutra”), Manichaean Parthian pwstg (pōstag, “book, pergament”) and Persian پوست (pust, “skin, hide”) (from *pōst, from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎿𐎫𐎠 (pavastā); cognate with पवस्त (pavásta), and see the latter for further etymology).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pus.tɐ.kɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpus̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

पुस्तक • (pustaka) stem, n

1. a protuberant ornament, boss
2. book, manuscript, booklet

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of पुस्तक (pustaka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	पुस्तकम् pustakam	पुस्तके pustake	पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹
Vocative	पुस्तक pustaka	पुस्तके pustake	पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹
Accusative	पुस्तकम् pustakam	पुस्तके pustake	पुस्तकानि / पुस्तका¹ pustakāni / pustakā¹
Instrumental	पुस्तकेन pustakena	पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām	पुस्तकैः / पुस्तकेभिः¹ pustakaiḥ / pustakebhiḥ¹
Dative	पुस्तकाय pustakāya	पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām	पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ
Ablative	पुस्तकात् pustakāt	पुस्तकाभ्याम् pustakābhyām	पुस्तकेभ्यः pustakebhyaḥ
Genitive	पुस्तकस्य pustakasya	पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ	पुस्तकानाम् pustakānām
Locative	पुस्तके pustake	पुस्तकयोः pustakayoḥ	पुस्तकेषु pustakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Descendants

• Assamese: পুথি (puthi)
• Bengali: পুথি (puthi), পুঁথি (pũthi)
• → Bengali: পুস্তক (pustok)
• Bhojpuri: पोथी (pōthī)
• Dhivehi: ފޮތް (fot̊)
• → Gujarati: પુસ્તક (pustak)
• → Hindi: पुस्तक (pustak)
• Kashmiri: پوٗتھِ (pūthi), पूथि (pūthi)
• Kumaoni: पोथी
• → Kannada: ಪುಸ್ತಕ (pustaka)
• → Maithili: पुस्तक (pustak), पोथी (pothī)
• → Malay: pustaka
  • Indonesian: pustaka
• → Malayalam: പുസ്തകം (pustakaṁ)
• → Marathi: पुस्तक (pustak)
• → Nepali: पुस्तक (pustak)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨤𐨆𐨠𐨁 (pothi, “document”)
• Odia: [script needed] (pothā), [script needed] (pothi), [script needed] (puthi), ପୋଥା (potha)
• Pali: potthaka
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣 (puttha​), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀬 (putthaya​), 𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀺𑀬𑀸 (putthiyā)
• → Punjabi: ਪੁਸਤਕ (pustak), پستک (pustak)
• Rajasthani: पोथी (pothī)
• Sindhi: [script needed] (pothu), [script needed] (pothī)
• Sinhalese: පොත (pota)
• Sylheti: ꠙꠥꠕꠤ (futí)
• → Tamil: புத்தகம் (puttakam)
• → Telugu: పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ)
• → Tibetan: པོ་ཏི (po ti), པུ་ཏི (pu ti), པོད (pod), པུས་ཏི (pus ti), པུས་ཏི་ཀ (pus ti ka)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠣᠲᠢ (boti) / боть (botʹ, “tome”)
• → Urdu: پستک (pustak)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “पुस्तक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0640/3.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pōstaka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 478
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 331—332
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