वृथा
Sanskrit edit
Alternative scripts edit
Alternative scripts
- ৱৃথা (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬺᬣᬵ (Balinese script)
- বৃথা (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰴𑰞𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀾𑀣𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ဝၖထာ (Burmese script)
- વૃથા (Gujarati script)
- ਵ੍ਰਥਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑍃𑌥𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦽꦡꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑃂𑂟𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ವೃಥಾ (Kannada script)
- វ្ឫថា (Khmer script)
- ວ຺ຣິຖາ (Lao script)
- വൃഥാ (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᡵᡳᡨᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘵𑘞𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠷᠢᠲᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑧖𑦾𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐺𑐠𑐵 (Newa script)
- ଵୃଥା (Odia script)
- ꢮꢺꢢꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆸𑆡𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖴𑖞𑖯 (Siddham script)
- වෘථා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩙𑩬𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚚𑚭 (Takri script)
- வ்ரித²ா (Tamil script)
- వృథా (Telugu script)
- วฺฤถา (Thai script)
- ཝྲྀ་ཐཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒵𑒟𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨚𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology edit
Probably from the instrumental case of an unattested *वृथ (vṛtha, “wish”), a derivative of the root वृ (vṛ, “to choose, select”).[1][2]
The "in vain" meaning is a semantic extension of the original "at will" meaning, via "at will" > "wantonly" > "aimless, without a plan" > "in vain".[2]
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
वृथा • (vṛthā)
- at will, at pleasure, at random, easily, lightly, wantonly, frivolously
- in vain, vainly, uselessly, fruitlessly, idly
- wrongly, falsely, incorrectly, unduly
Descendants edit
- → Telugu: వృథా (vr̥thā)
References edit
- Monier Williams (1899) “वृथा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007/3.
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 574
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 248-9