शाक

See also: शक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शाक (śāka). Doublet of साग (sāg).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɑːk/, [ʃäːk]

Noun

शाक • (śāk) m

1. vegetable

   Synonyms: सब्ज़ी (sabzī), साग (sāg), भाजी (bhājī)

2. herb

Declension

Declension of शाक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शाक śāk	शाक śāk
oblique	शाक śāk	शाकों śākõ
vocative	शाक śāk	शाको śāko

Related terms

• शाकाहारी (śākāhārī)

 

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शाक”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শাক (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬵᬓ (Balinese script)
• শাক (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰯𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀸𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• ၐာက (Burmese script)
• શાક (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਾਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌾𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦴꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂰𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಾಕ (Kannada script)
• ឝាក (Khmer script)
• ຨາກ (Lao script)
• ശാക (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘰𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢗᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧑𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐵𑐎 (Newa script)
• ଶାକ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢵꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆳𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖯𑖎 (Siddham script)
• ශාක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩛𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚭𑚊 (Takri script)
• ஶாக (Tamil script)
• శాక (Telugu script)
• ศาก (Thai script)
• ཤཱ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒰𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨊𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɑː.kɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɑː.kɐ/

Etymology 1

From Old Persian 𐎿𐎣 (Saka).

Proper noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

1. the Sakas or Indo-Scythians
2. related to the Shaka era

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक (śāka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शाकः śākaḥ	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शाक śāka	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शाकम् śākam	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकान् śākān
Instrumental	शाकेन śākena	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकैः / शाकेभिः¹ śākaiḥ / śākebhiḥ¹
Dative	शाकाय śākāya	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Ablative	शाकात् śākāt	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Genitive	शाकस्य śākasya	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकानाम् śākānām
Locative	शाके śāke	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकेषु śākeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 2

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱēko- / *ḱeHko-; compare Lithuanian šėkas (“freshly cut green fodder”), Latvian sệks (“freshly mown fodder grass”), Old Norse há (“aftergrass”), Hittite [script needed] (kikla-, “herb”).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m or n

1. a vegetable, greens, any vegetable food
2. a herb, potherb

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक (śāka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शाकः śākaḥ	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शाक śāka	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शाकम् śākam	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकान् śākān
Instrumental	शाकेन śākena	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकैः / शाकेभिः¹ śākaiḥ / śākebhiḥ¹
Dative	शाकाय śākāya	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Ablative	शाकात् śākāt	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Genitive	शाकस्य śākasya	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकानाम् śākānām
Locative	शाके śāke	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकेषु śākeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of शाक (śāka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शाकम् śākam	शाके śāke	शाकानि / शाका¹ śākāni / śākā¹
Vocative	शाक śāka	शाके śāke	शाकानि / शाका¹ śākāni / śākā¹
Accusative	शाकम् śākam	शाके śāke	शाकानि / शाका¹ śākāni / śākā¹
Instrumental	शाकेन śākena	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकैः / शाकेभिः¹ śākaiḥ / śākebhiḥ¹
Dative	शाकाय śākāya	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Ablative	शाकात् śākāt	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Genitive	शाकस्य śākasya	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकानाम् śākānām
Locative	शाके śāke	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकेषु śākeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• शाकाहार (śākāhāra)
• शाकाहारिन् (śākāhārin)

 

Descendants

• Assamese: শাক (xak)
• Bengali: শাক (śak)
• Hindi: साग (sāg)
• Nepali: साग (sāg)
• Odia: ଶାକ (śakô)
• Pali: sāka
• Pashto: ساګ (sāg)
• Punjabi: ਸਾਗ (sāg)
• Sindhi: ساڳُہ
• → Tamil: சாகம் (cākam)
• → Telugu: శాకము (śākamu)

Etymology 3

Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil தேக்கு (tēkku), Malayalam തേക്ക് (tēkkŭ), and Telugu టేకు (ṭēku).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

1. the teak tree, Tectona grandis

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक (śāka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शाकः śākaḥ	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शाक śāka	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शाकम् śākam	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकान् śākān
Instrumental	शाकेन śākena	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकैः / शाकेभिः¹ śākaiḥ / śākebhiḥ¹
Dative	शाकाय śākāya	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Ablative	शाकात् śākāt	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Genitive	शाकस्य śākasya	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकानाम् śākānām
Locative	शाके śāke	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकेषु śākeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 4

From शक् (śak, “to be able”).

Noun

शाक • (śāka) stem, m

1. power, might, help, aid
2. helpful, a helper, friend

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शाक (śāka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शाकः śākaḥ	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शाक śāka	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकाः / शाकासः¹ śākāḥ / śākāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शाकम् śākam	शाकौ / शाका¹ śākau / śākā¹	शाकान् śākān
Instrumental	शाकेन śākena	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकैः / शाकेभिः¹ śākaiḥ / śākebhiḥ¹
Dative	शाकाय śākāya	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Ablative	शाकात् śākāt	शाकाभ्याम् śākābhyām	शाकेभ्यः śākebhyaḥ
Genitive	शाकस्य śākasya	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकानाम् śākānām
Locative	शाके śāke	शाकयोः śākayoḥ	शाकेषु śākeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शाक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1061/2-3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 628
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 320-321