冷える

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
冷
ひ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Etymology edit

From the classical verb 冷ゆ (hiyu).

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) ひえる [hìéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [çie̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "冷える"

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	冷える	ひえる	`[hìéꜜrù]`
Imperative (命令形)	冷えろ	ひえろ	`[hìéꜜrò]`
Key constructions
Passive	冷えられる	ひえられる	`[hìéráréꜜrù]`
Causative	冷えさせる	ひえさせる	`[hìésáséꜜrù]`
Potential	-	-	-
Volitional	冷えよう	ひえよー	`[hìéyóꜜò]`
Negative	冷えない	ひえない	`[hìéꜜnàì]`
Negative perfective	冷えなかった	ひえなかった	`[hìéꜜnàkàttà]`
Formal	冷えます	ひえます	`[hìémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	冷えた	ひえた	`[híꜜètà]`
Conjunctive	冷えて	ひえて	`[híꜜètè]`
Hypothetical conditional	冷えれば	ひえれば	`[hìéꜜrèbà]`

Verb edit

冷(ひ)える • (hieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冷(ひ)え (hie), past 冷(ひ)えた (hieta))

Japanese verb pair
active	冷やす
mediopassive	冷える

to become cold, cool down

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "冷える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	冷え	ひえ	hie
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	冷え	ひえ	hie
Shūshikei ("terminal")	冷える	ひえる	hieru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	冷える	ひえる	hieru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	冷えれ	ひえれ	hiere
Meireikei ("imperative")	冷えよ¹ 冷えろ²	ひえよ¹ ひえろ²	hieyo¹ hiero²
Key constructions
Passive	冷えられる	ひえられる	hierareru
Causative	冷えさせる冷えさす	ひえさせるひえさす	hiesaseru hiesasu
Potential	冷えられる冷えれる³	ひえられるひえれる³	hierareru hiereru³
Volitional	冷えよう	ひえよう	hieyō
Negative	冷えない冷えぬ冷えん	ひえないひえぬひえん	hienai hienu hien
Negative continuative	冷えず	ひえず	hiezu
Formal	冷えます	ひえます	hiemasu
Perfective	冷えた	ひえた	hieta
Conjunctive	冷えて	ひえて	hiete
Hypothetical conditional	冷えれば	ひえれば	hiereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms edit

Related terms edit

冷(ひ)やす (hiyasu)
冷(さ)ます (samasu)

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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