Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
つめ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Compound of (tsume, claw) +‎ 痛い (itai, painful), with the medial /-i-/ falling out.[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation edit

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "冷たい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 冷たく めたく [tsùmétákú]
Terminal (終止形) 冷たい めたい
めた
[tsùmétáí]
[tsùmétáꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 冷たい めたい [tsùmétáí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 冷たくない めたくな [tsùmétákúnáꜜì]
Informal past 冷たかった めたかった [tsùmétáꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 冷たくなかった めたくなかった [tsùmétákúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 冷たいです めたいです [tsùmétáꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 冷たくて めたくて [tsùmétáꜜkùtè]
Conditional 冷たければ めたければ [tsùmétáꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective edit

(つめ)たい (tsumetai-i (adverbial (つめ)たく (tsumetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
    (こころ)(つめ)たい(ひと)
    kokoro ga tsumetai hito
    cold-hearted person
Inflection edit
Antonyms edit
Coordinate terms edit
Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 4
irregular

Shift from tsumetai above.

First attested in at least 1889.[5]

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

(つべ)たい (tsubetai-i (adverbial (つべ)たく (tsubetaku))

  1. (of an object) cold
  2. cold (unfriendly)
Inflection edit

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
  4. ^ 冷たい/つめたい - Gogen Yurai Jiten (in Japanese)
  5. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.