warm
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English warm, werm, from Old English wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, with different proposed origins:
- Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).
- Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”), related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi) and to Old Church Slavonic варити (variti).
The dispute is due to differing opinions on how initial Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic: some think that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to burn etc. Some have also proposed a merger of the two roots.
Adjective edit
warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)
- Of a somewhat high temperature.
- The tea is still warm.
- This is a very warm room.
- 1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood:
- Warm and still is the summer night.
- 1985, Robert Ferro, Blue Star:
- It seemed I was too excited for sleep, too warm, too young.
- Friendly and with affection.
- We have a warm friendship.
- Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green.
- (informal) Close to a goal or correct answer.
- 1876, William Black, “An Encounter”, in Madcap Violet. […], volume III, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 74:
- That was a further clue; and here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm," as children say at blind-man's-buff, although, as a matter-of-fact, she had now been talking of George Miller at all.
- Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced.
- (figurative) Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness.
- a warm piano sound
- (archaic) Ardent, zealous.
- a warm debate, with strong words exchanged
- 1646 (indicated as 1645), John Milton, “Song on May Morning”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], →OCLC:
- Mirth, and youth, and warm desire!
- 1712 September 22 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “THURSDAY, September 11, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 481; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:
- They say he's a warm man and does not care to be made mouths at.
- 1717, Alexander Pope, “Eloisa to Abelard”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC:
- 1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter I, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:
- To the strength and fierceness of barbarians they added a contempt for life, which was derived from a warm persuasion of the immortality and transmigration of the soul.
- 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:
- I had been none of the warmest of partisans.
- (archaic, informal) Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; prosperous.
- 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, 1885, →OCLC:
- You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him.
- 1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 258:
- Mrs. and the Miss Cathcarts began to be considered as people of some consequence in the circle in which they moved, while he gradually obtained in the city the name of a warm man.
- 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:
- I know the Stuyvesant family —puff— every one of them —puff— not a more respectable family in the province —puff— old standards —puff— warm householders —puff— none of your upstarts
- (archaic) Requiring arduous effort.
- 1929, The Listener, numbers 41-50, page 552:
- The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.
Synonyms edit
- See also Thesaurus:warm
- See also Thesaurus:affectionate
- See also Thesaurus:difficult
Antonyms edit
- (antonym(s) of "mild temperature"): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
- (antonym(s) of "caring"): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
Derived terms edit
- cold hands, warm heart
- lukewarm
- milk-warm
- muffin-warm
- piss-warm
- warm antibody
- warm as life
- warm as toast
- warm-blooded
- warm-bloodedness
- warm body
- warm boot
- warm dark matter
- warm front
- warm fuzzy
- warm hatch
- warmhearted, warm-hearted
- warm hose
- warm-hot intergalactic medium
- warm ionized medium
- warmish
- warm line
- warmly (adv)
- warm prop
- warm regards
- warm space
- Warm Springs
- warm storage
- warm transfer
- warm up, warm-up
- warm-water port
- wet and warm
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old English wierman.
Verb edit
warm (third-person singular simple present warms, present participle warming, simple past and past participle warmed)
- (transitive) To make or keep warm.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 44 44-Chapter-15/# 15::
- Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself.
- 1825, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus:
- enough to warm, but not enough to burn
- (intransitive) To become warm, to heat up.
- My socks are warming by the fire.
- The earth soon warms on a clear summer day.
- (transitive with to) (sometimes in the form warm up) To favour increasingly.
- 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
- Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.
- He is warming to the idea.
- Her classmates are gradually warming to her.
- (ditransitive with to) To cause (someone) to favour (something) increasingly.
- 2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page xi:
- It is with no small degree of irony that I confess that immersing myself in an interdisciplinary project has warmed me to the seductions of disciplinary perspectives.
- (intransitive) To become ardent or animated.
- The speaker warms as he proceeds.
- (transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.
- 1717 November 20, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester
- there was a collection of all that had been written […] : I warmed my head with them.
- 1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC:
- Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed.
- 1717 November 20, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester
- (transitive) To give emotional warmth to a person.
- 1886, Joseph Augustus Seiss, Right Life: Or, Candid Talks On Vital Themes:
- That is just the way God tells me this book is His Word. I read it, and it warms me and gives me light.
- (transitive, colloquial) To beat or spank.
- 1945, The Atlantic, volume 176, page 94:
- Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […]
- (transitive, colloquial) To scold or abuse verbally.
- (computing, transitive) To prepopulate (a cache) so that its contents are ready for other users.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Noun edit
warm (plural warms)
- (colloquial) The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating.
- Shall I give your coffee a warm in the microwave?
- 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
- Sit ye down before the fire , my dear , and have a warm
Afrikaans edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch warm, from Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (file)
Adjective edit
warm (attributive warmer, comparative warmste, superlative warmste)
Alemannic German edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm. Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.
Adjective edit
warm
References edit
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Chinese edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
warm
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, of person, environment, family) warm (caring and loving)
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Dutch warm, from Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, of uncertain origin; derivations from either Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) or *wer- (“to burn”) have been proposed.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmst)
- warm, hot
- Antonym: koud
- (meteorology, officially) 20 °C or more
Inflection edit
Inflection of warm | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | warm | |||
inflected | warme | |||
comparative | warmer | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | warm | warmer | het warmst het warmste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | warme | warmere | warmste |
n. sing. | warm | warmer | warmste | |
plural | warme | warmere | warmste | |
definite | warme | warmere | warmste | |
partitive | warms | warmers | — |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
German edit
Etymology edit
From Middle High German and Old High German warm.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
warm (strong nominative masculine singular warmer, comparative wärmer, superlative am wärmsten)
- warm; mildly hot
- (of clothes) warm; keeping the wearer warm
- (of rental prices, chiefly adverbial or in compounds) including heating costs, water, and fees (electricity may or may not be included)
- Ich zahle 800 € warm für meine Wohnung.
- I pay €800 for my apartment, including utilities.
- (dated, except in warmer Bruder) gay, homosexual (mostly male)
- Synonym: schwul
Usage notes edit
- German warm means “warm”, but not “feeling warm”; therefore the phrase ich bin warm (literally “I am warm”) would mean that one’s body has a high temperature, particularly that one’s skin is warm on the outside. The English “I am warm” (that is: I feel warm) is equivalent to German mir ist warm (literally “to me it's warm”).
- Although warm (“gay”) is not in general use, this sense is current enough to make it advisable not to describe the relation between two men as warm (unless the implication is intended).
Declension edit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist warm | sie ist warm | es ist warm | sie sind warm | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | warmer | warme | warmes | warme |
genitive | warmen | warmer | warmen | warmer | |
dative | warmem | warmer | warmem | warmen | |
accusative | warmen | warme | warmes | warme | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der warme | die warme | das warme | die warmen |
genitive | des warmen | der warmen | des warmen | der warmen | |
dative | dem warmen | der warmen | dem warmen | den warmen | |
accusative | den warmen | die warme | das warme | die warmen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein warmer | eine warme | ein warmes | (keine) warmen |
genitive | eines warmen | einer warmen | eines warmen | (keiner) warmen | |
dative | einem warmen | einer warmen | einem warmen | (keinen) warmen | |
accusative | einen warmen | eine warme | ein warmes | (keine) warmen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist wärmer | sie ist wärmer | es ist wärmer | sie sind wärmer | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | wärmerer | wärmere | wärmeres | wärmere |
genitive | wärmeren | wärmerer | wärmeren | wärmerer | |
dative | wärmerem | wärmerer | wärmerem | wärmeren | |
accusative | wärmeren | wärmere | wärmeres | wärmere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der wärmere | die wärmere | das wärmere | die wärmeren |
genitive | des wärmeren | der wärmeren | des wärmeren | der wärmeren | |
dative | dem wärmeren | der wärmeren | dem wärmeren | den wärmeren | |
accusative | den wärmeren | die wärmere | das wärmere | die wärmeren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein wärmerer | eine wärmere | ein wärmeres | (keine) wärmeren |
genitive | eines wärmeren | einer wärmeren | eines wärmeren | (keiner) wärmeren | |
dative | einem wärmeren | einer wärmeren | einem wärmeren | (keinen) wärmeren | |
accusative | einen wärmeren | eine wärmere | ein wärmeres | (keine) wärmeren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am wärmsten | sie ist am wärmsten | es ist am wärmsten | sie sind am wärmsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | wärmster | wärmste | wärmstes | wärmste |
genitive | wärmsten | wärmster | wärmsten | wärmster | |
dative | wärmstem | wärmster | wärmstem | wärmsten | |
accusative | wärmsten | wärmste | wärmstes | wärmste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der wärmste | die wärmste | das wärmste | die wärmsten |
genitive | des wärmsten | der wärmsten | des wärmsten | der wärmsten | |
dative | dem wärmsten | der wärmsten | dem wärmsten | den wärmsten | |
accusative | den wärmsten | die wärmste | das wärmste | die wärmsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein wärmster | eine wärmste | ein wärmstes | (keine) wärmsten |
genitive | eines wärmsten | einer wärmsten | eines wärmsten | (keiner) wärmsten | |
dative | einem wärmsten | einer wärmsten | einem wärmsten | (keinen) wärmsten | |
accusative | einen wärmsten | eine wärmste | ein wärmstes | (keine) wärmsten |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
Middle Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Old Dutch warm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm.
Adjective edit
warm
Inflection edit
Adjective | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
Nominative | Indefinite | warm | warme | warm | warme |
Definite | warme | warme | |||
Accusative | Indefinite | warmen | warme | warm | warme |
Definite | warme | ||||
Genitive | warms | warmer | warms | warmer | |
Dative | warmen | warmer | warmen | warmen |
Alternative forms edit
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- “warm”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “warm”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old English wearm.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
warm (plural and weak singular warme, comparative warmer, superlative warmest)
- (temperature) warm, mildly hot
- (weather) warm, pleasant, mild
- heated, warmed
- (locations or garments) having a tendency to be warm; designed to stay warm
- Being at a healthy temperature
- enthusiastic, vigourous
Descendants edit
References edit
- “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.
Noun edit
warm
References edit
- “warm, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-26.
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *warm.
Adjective edit
warm
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *warm (“warm”).
Adjective edit
warm (comparative warmoro, superlative warmost)
Declension edit
Weak declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | warmoro, warmora | warmoron, warmorun | warmora, warmore | warmoron, warmorun, warmoran | warmora, warmore | warmoron, warmorun |
accusative | warmoron, warmoran | warmoron, warmorun | warmorun, warmoron, warmoran | warmoron, warmorun, warmoran | warmora, warmore | warmoron, warmorun |
genitive | warmoren, warmoran | warmorono, warmoreno | warmorun, warmoran, warmoren | warmorono | warmoren, warmoran | warmorono, warmoreno |
dative | warmoron, warmoren, warmoran | warmoron, warmorun | warmorun, warmoran | warmoron, warmorun | warmoron, warmoren, warmoran | warmoron, warmorun |