吐魯番

See also: 吐鲁番

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (吐魯番)		吐	魯	番
simp. (吐鲁番)		吐	鲁	番

Etymology

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Borrowed from Chagatai طُرفان (ṭurfān), تورفان (tūrfān). Compare contemporary Uyghur تۇرپان (turpan).

The first found attestation of the place name is Khotanese [script needed] (tturpanä), in the Dunhuang manuscript 使河西記 [925] (Li, 2015).

The first attested Chinese transcription of the place name is 禿爾班／秃尔班, found in volume four of 通制條格 from the Yuan dynasty. Later Chinese transcriptions include 土爾番／土尔番, in 西域番國志 [1414], 土魯蕃／土鲁蕃, 土魯番／土鲁番, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) and 吐爾番／吐尔番. In particular, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) is attested since the Ming dynasty.

Unlikely to be related to 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “Tibet”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Tǔlǔfān

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tou³ lou⁵ faan¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Tǔlǔfān [Phonetic: túlǔfān]
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔlǔfan
    • Wade–Giles: Tʻu³-lu³-fan¹
    • Yale: Tǔ-lǔ-fān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuuluufan
    • Palladius: Тулуфань (Tulufanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tou³ lou⁵ faan¹
    • Yale: tou lóuh fāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tou³ lou⁵ faan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tou³ lou⁵ fan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³³ lou̯¹³ faːn⁵⁵/

Proper noun

吐魯番

1. (～市) Turpan, Turfan (a city in Xinjiang, China)

Descendants

• → English: Tulufan, T'u-lu-fan