石炭

Chinese edit

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	charcoal
trad. (石炭)		石	炭
simp. ^#(石炭)		石	炭

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shítàn

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄊㄢˋ
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sa̍k-than

(Meixian, Guangdong): sag⁶ tan⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h-thòaⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shítàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄊㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíhtàn
  - Wade–Giles: shih²-tʻan⁴
  - Yale: shŕ-tàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrtann
  - Palladius: шитань (šitanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa̍k-than
  - Hakka Romanization System: sag tan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sag⁶ tan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ tʰan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sag⁶ tan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sak̚⁵ tʰan⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-thòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-thuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqtvoax
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² tʰuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ tʰuã²¹/

Noun edit

石炭

(dated or dialectal) coal

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		煤, 煤炭
Mandarin	Beijing	煤
	Taiwan	煤
	Tianjin	煤
	Chengde	煤
	Tangshan	煤
	Cangzhou	煤
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	煤
	Baoding	煤
	Shijiazhuang	煤, 炭 fuel
	Chifeng	煤
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	煤
	Heihe	煤
	Qiqihar	煤, 炭 mined
	Harbin	煤
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	煤
	Jiamusi	煤
	Baicheng	煤
	Changchun	煤
	Tonghua	煤, 炭 mined
	Shenyang	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Dandong	煤
	Jinzhou	煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
	Dalian	煤
	Yantai	煤
	Qingdao	煤
	Lijin	煤
	Zhucheng	煤, 炭 mined
	Jinan	煤, 炭
	Jining	煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
	Wanrong	炭
	Shangqiu	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Yuanyang	煤, 炭 mined
	Zhengzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Lingbao	煤
	Xinyang	煤, 炭 mined
	Ankang	煤, 煤炭
	Ankang (Xianhe)	煤, 煤炭
	Baihe	煤, 炭 mined
	Baihe (Maoping)	煤炭
	Shiquan	煤炭
	Ziyang	煤炭
	Hanzhong	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Xi'an	煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
	Dingbian	炭
	Baoji	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Yinchuan	煤, 炭 mined
	Tianshui	煤, 石炭 mined
	Lanzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Dunhuang	煤, 砟子 fuel
	Xining	煤, 石煤 mined
	Hami	煤
	Ürümqi	煤
	Wuhan	煤, 炭 mined
	Yichang	煤
	Xiangyang	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Tianmen	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Hong'an	煤, 煤炭, 炭
	Chengdu	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Nanchong	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
	Dazhou	煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
	Hanyuan	炭, 煤 fuel
	Xichang	煤, 炭 mined
	Zigong	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Chongqing	煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Guiyang	煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie	煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping	煤
Zhaotong	炭
Dali	煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming	煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi	煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin	煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle	煤
Liuzhou	煤
Luzhai	煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie)	煤
Nanning (Fujian)	煤
Nanning (Wuming)	煤
Binyang (Nanjie)	煤
Yizhou	煤
Luocheng (Dongmen)	煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping)	煤
Jishou	煤
Changde	煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou	煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	煤
Anqing	煤
Xuzhou	煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang	煤
Wuhu	煤, 煤炭 mined
Yangzhou	煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang	煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui	煤
Nanjing	煤
Hefei	煤, 煤炭 mined
Nantong	煤, 炭 mined
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	煤, 煤炭
Dagudi (Maliba)	煤
Reshuitang (Longling)	煤
Mae Salong (Lancang)	煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong)	煤
Cantonese	Guangzhou	煤
	Hong Kong	煤
	Taishan (Guanghai)	煤
	Yangjiang	煤
	Wuzhou	煤
	Baise	煤
	Qinzhou	煤
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	煤
	Beihai	煤
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	煤炭
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	煤
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	煤炭
	Lingchuan (Yangjia)	煤
	Pingle (Majia)	煤
	Pingle (Shuishan)	煤
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	煤
	Móng Cái	煤炭
	Mandalay (Taishan)	煤
Gan	Nanchang	煤炭
Gan	Pengze	煤
Hakka	Meixian	煤, 石炭
	Bobai (Lingping)	煤
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	煤
	Lipu (Shuangduitun)	煤
	Pingle (Tong'an)	煤
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	煤
Huizhou	Shexian	煤
Jin	Taiyuan	煤 soot, 炭 piece
	Pingyao	炭
	Yangyuan	煤, 炭 mined
	Datong	炭
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	炭
	Xinzhou	炭
	Lishi	煤, 炭 mined
	Linfen	煤, 炭 mined
	Changzhi	煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
	Linhe	炭
	Jining	炭
	Liangcheng	煤
	Hohhot	煤, 炭 mined
	Erenhot	煤 mined, 炭
	Pingshan	煤, 炭 mined
	Zhangjiakou	煤, 煤炭 mined
	Handan	煤, 炭 mined
	Linzhou	煤, 炭 mined
	Suide	炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin	Jiande	煤
	Jinhua	煤
	Lanxi	煤
	Tunxi	煤
Northern Min	Jian'ou	煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	煤
	Fuqing	煤
	Gutian	煤
	Pingnan	煤
	Fu'an	煤
	Shouning	煤
Southern Min	Xiamen	塗炭, 煤
	Guilin (Biyange)	煤
	Chaozhou	塗炭, 煤
	Shantou	煤
	Jieyang	煤
	Pontianak (Teochew)	煤
Puxian Min	Xianyou	煤
Central Min	Yanping (Wangtai)	煤
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	煤
Southern Pinghua	Binyang	煤
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dongbianzhou)	煤
Northern Pinghua	Lingchuan (Sanjie)	煤
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	煤
	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	煤
	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	煤
	Chengbu (Xuntou)	煤
Wu	Shanghai (Songjiang)	煤
	Suzhou	煤
	Wenzhou	煤
	Yiwu	煤
Xiang	Changsha	煤炭, 煤
	Shuangfeng	煤炭
	Hengshan	煤炭
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	煤炭

Derived terms edit

石炭紀／石炭纪 (Shítàn Jì)
石炭酸 (shítànsuān)

Descendants edit

→ Indonesian: batu bara (calque)

Japanese edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

石炭

Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
石	炭
せき Grade: 1	たん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 石炭

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) せきたん [sèkítáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [se̞kʲitã̠ɴ]

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
石	炭
いし Grade: 1	すみ > ずみ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

石 (ishi, “rock”) +‎ 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”)

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [iɕizɨᵝmʲi]

Noun edit

石(いし)炭(ずみ) • (ishizumi)

coal

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
石	炭

Noun edit

石炭 • (seoktan) (hangeul 석탄)

Hanja form^? of 석탄 (“coal”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]