See also:
U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3

[U+77F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77F4]
U+2F6F, ⽯
KANGXI RADICAL STONE

[U+2F6E]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F70]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 112, +0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #112, .

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (). The cliff was subsequently distorted into .

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1 edit

Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (stone) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, rock; stone)) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.

Pronunciation edit


Note: sek6-2 - "gem, jewel, jade".
Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • chio̍h - vernacular (incl. surname);
    • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
    • se̍k/si̍t/se̍t/sia̍k - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕieʔ⁴/, /t͡ɕioʔ⁴/, /ɕik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /ɕieʔ⁴/, /ɕioʔ⁴/
    Note:
    • ziêh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Chaozhou);
    • zioh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang);
    • sig8 - literary (Chaozhou);
    • sêg8 - literary (Jieyang);
    • siêh8 - only in 石榴 (Chaozhou);
    • sioh8 - only in 石榴 (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
    Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
    Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
    Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
    Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
    Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
    Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
    Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
    Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
    Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /zaʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
    Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
    Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
    Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
    Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
    /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    /sia²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
    /si⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚⁵/
    /t͡sio³³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (25)
    Final () (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter dzyek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /d͡ʑiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /d͡ʑiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /d͡ʑiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /ʑiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /ʑĭɛk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ʑi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    shí
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    sik6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    shí
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ dzyek ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*dAk/
    English stone

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11470
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*djaɡ/

    Definitions edit

    1. stone; rock (Classifier: c;  c)
    2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
    3. a surname
        ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)
    Synonyms edit

    Compounds edit

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (せき) (seki)
    • Korean: 석(石) (seok)
    • Vietnamese: thạch ()

    (Others)

    • Tocharian B: cāk

    Etymology 2 edit

    Contains pronunciations from (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).

    Pronunciation edit


    Definitions edit

    1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    いし
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    ⟨isi⟩/iɕi/

    From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esoy.

    Likely cognate with (iso, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (いし) (ishi

    1. a stone
      • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
        (からだ)(いし)のように(かた)()(おお)われており、(まも)りがかたい。
        Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
        With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
    2. (slang, electronics) a transistor
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    こく
    Grade: 1
    kan’yōon

    From Middle Chinese (MC huwk).

    The spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (こく) (koku

    1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
      1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
      2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
      3. for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
    2. a unit of quantity for (sake, salmon) and (masu, trout); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
    Derived terms edit
    Descendants edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    せき
    Grade: 1
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

    Pronunciation edit

    Counter edit

    (せき) (-seki

    1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
    2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
      (ろく)(せき)ラジオ
      rokuseki rajio
      six-transistor radio

    Noun edit

    (せき) (seki

    1. Same as こく (koku) above

    Affix edit

    (せき) (seki

    1. stone
    2. needle made of stone
    3. go stone
    4. something solid but worthless
    5. Short for 石見 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) 셕〮 (Yale: syék)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (dol seok))

    1. Hanja form? of (stone).

    Compounds edit

    Kunigami edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (しー) (shī

    1. stone

    Miyako edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (いす) (isu

    1. stone

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (いし) (ishi

    1. stone

    Old Japanese edit

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with (iso1, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

    Noun edit

    (isi) (kana いし)

    1. a stone
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 869:
        , text here
        多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉
        tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to2, catching sweetfishes)

    Derived terms edit

    Descendants edit

    • Japanese: (ishi)

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
    : Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of thạch (stone).

    References edit

    Yaeyama edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (いしぃ) (isï

    1. stone

    Yonaguni edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Etymology edit

    Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (いち) (ichi

    1. stone

    References edit

    • いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.