背時

Chinese edit

	learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened learn by heart; the back of the body; to be burdened; to carry on the back or shoulder	o'clock; time; when o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
trad. (背時)	背	時
simp. (背时)	背	时
alternative forms	悖時／悖时 “out of luck”

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bèishí

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄟˋ ㄕˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bei⁴ si²
Cantonese (Jyutping): bui³ si⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): pi⁵ 'si⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): bei³ si¹
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bei⁵ shr²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bèishí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˋ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bèishíh
  - Wade–Giles: pei⁴-shih²
  - Yale: bèi-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beyshyr
  - Palladius: бэйши (bɛjši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bei⁴ si²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: beis
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei²¹³ sz̩²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bui³ si⁴
  - Yale: bui sìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bui³ si⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bui³ xi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /puːi̯³³ siː²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: pi⁵ 'si⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi¹¹ ˈsz̩³⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bei³ si¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /pei⁴⁵ sz̩¹¹/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bei⁵ shr²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /pe̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ ʂʐ̩¹³/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /pe̞i̯²¹⁻¹¹ sz̩¹³/

Adjective edit

背時

Synonyms edit

(out of luck):

不幸 (bùxìng)
倒運／倒运 (dǎoyùn)
倒霉 (dǎoméi)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
敗興／败兴 (bàixìng) (regional)
晦氣／晦气 (huìqì)
背興／背兴 (bèixìng) (regional)

Dialectal synonyms of 倒霉 (“unlucky; out of luck”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		倒霉, 倒運, 晦氣, 背運, 背時
Mandarin	Taiwan	倒霉, 背運, 晦氣
	Harbin	背興
	Yantai (Muping)	倒霉
	Jinan	倒霉
	Luoyang	倒霉
	Wanrong	倒灶
	Xi'an	倒霉
	Yinchuan	倒灶, 背時, 背運
	Ürümqi	倒運
	Wuhan	背時, 倒運, 點子低, 背九一
	Chengdu	背時, 倒灶, 背時倒灶
	Liuzhou	背時, 倒灶, 衰
	Xuzhou	背時, 倒灶
	Yangzhou	晦氣
	Singapore	倒霉
Cantonese	Guangzhou	衰, 行衰運, 黑, 當黑, 運滯, 倒霉
	Hong Kong	衰, 行衰運, 當衰, 黑, 當黑, 黑仔, 運滯
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	當衰
	Macau	滯運, 黑
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	運滯, 衰
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	衰
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	衰
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	運滯
	Foshan	運滯, 衰
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	倒霉, 運滯
	Foshan (Shunde)	衰
	Foshan (Sanshui)	衰, 運滯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	失運
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	滯運
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	衰
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	行衰運
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	滯運, 衰
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	衰
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	衰
	Taishan	衰, 衰來, 黑, 黑頸, 滯運, 倒霉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	衰
	Enping (Niujiang)	衰
	Heshan (Yayao)	唔夠運
	Dongguan	當衰, 運滯
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	衰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	衰
Gan	Nanchang	倒霉, 倒運, 背時
	Lichuan	倒灶
	Pingxiang	背時
Hakka	Meixian	衰
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	衰, 倒運
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	衰
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	衰
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	衰
	Conghua (Lütian)	衰
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	衰, 衰漦
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	衰, 衰漦
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	衰, 衰漦
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	衰, 衰漦
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	衰, 衰漦
Huizhou	Jixi	倒霉, 倒運, 倒灶, 背時
Jin	Taiyuan	倒運, 背時
Jin	Xinzhou	背興
Northern Min	Jian'ou	衰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	衰, 倒運, 倒灶, 騎背
Southern Min	Xiamen	衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰神, 衰運, 落衰, 歹字運, 歹運, 拍觸衰
	Quanzhou	衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰運, 歹字運, 歹運, 拍觸衰
	Zhangzhou	衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰運, 落衰, 䆀字運, 拍觸衰
	Tainan	衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰尾, 落衰, 歹運
	Penang (Hokkien)	衰, 衰潲
	Singapore (Hokkien)	衰
	Manila (Hokkien)	衰, 衰潲, 衰䆀, 歹命, 歹運, 歹字運
	Shantou	衰
	Jieyang	衰, 唔利市
	Singapore (Teochew)	衰
	Leizhou	衰
	Haikou	衰
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	滯運
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	衰
Wu	Shanghai	倒霉, 觸霉頭, 晦氣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	霉, 觸霉頭, 霉氣, 背時, 背霉
	Shanghai (Jiading)	觸霉頭, 倒運
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	触霉頭
	Suzhou	触霉頭
	Wuxi	触霉頭
	Hangzhou	倒霉, 倒運, 倒灶
	Shaoxing	倒灶
	Ningbo	倒運, 晦氣
	Lishui	倒灶
	Jinyun	倒楣, 倒灶
	Jinhua	倒霉, 霉運, 倒灶, 倒運
Xiang	Changsha	背時
Xiang	Loudi	背時, 倒霉

(outdated):

古板 (gǔbǎn)
封建 (fēngjiàn) (informal)
老式 (lǎoshì)
老時／老时 (Hakka)
舊落咆／旧落咆 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
舊落落／旧落落 (Hokkien)
迂腐 (yūfǔ)
退時／退时 (Hokkien)
過時／过时 (guòshí)
陳／陈 (chén) (literary, or in compounds)
陳腐／陈腐 (chénfǔ)
陳舊／陈旧 (chénjiù)

Derived terms edit

背時鬼／背时鬼