閉じる

Japanese

Kanji in this term

閉

Etymology

From Old Japanese. Originally derived from verb とづ (todzu) as the stem form とぢ (todji) + intransitive / passive auxiliary verb る (ru). Over time, the distinction between ぢ (dji) and じ (ji) was lost, leading to modern とじる (tojiru).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA: [to̞d͡ʑiɽɯᵝ]

Verb

閉じる (transitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana とじる, romaji tojiru, historical hiragana とぢる)

1. to close, to shut

Conjugation

Conjugation of "閉じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms	Imperfective (未然形)	閉じ	とじ	toji
	Continuative (連用形)	閉じ	とじ	toji
	Terminal (終止形)	閉じる	とじる	tojiru
	Attributive (連体形)	閉じる	とじる	tojiru
	Hypothetical (仮定形)	閉じれ	とじれ	tojire
	Imperative (命令形)	閉じよ¹ 閉じろ²	とじよ¹ とじろ²	tojiyo¹ tojiro²
Key constructions	Passive	閉じられる	とじられる	tojirareru
	Causative	閉じさせる 閉じさす	とじさせる とじさす	tojisaseru tojisasu
	Potential	閉じられる 閉じれる³	とじられる とじれる³	tojirareru tojireru³
	Volitional	閉じよう	とじよう	tojiyō
	Negative	閉じない 閉じぬ 閉じん	とじない とじぬ とじん	tojinai tojinu tojin
	Negative continuative	閉じず	とじず	tojizu
	Formal	閉じます	とじます	tojimasu
	Perfective	閉じた	とじた	tojita
	Conjunctive	閉じて	とじて	tojite
	Hypothetical conditional	閉じれば	とじれば	tojireba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

• 閉める (shimeru)

Derived terms

• 閉じ込める (tojikomeru, “to confine, to imprizon”)
• 閉じ篭もる (tojikomoru, “to shut in”)