ꜣꜥꜥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑʔɑːʔɑː/
  • Conventional anglicization: aaa

Etymology 1

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive, Late Egyptian) to coat, spread, or patch up with plaster; to plaster [18th and 20th Dynasty]

Usage notes

There is some debate over whether the determinative in the form (attested only in hieratic) is or .

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣꜥꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣꜥꜥ, geminated stem: ꜣꜥꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥw, ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥt	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣꜥꜥ	ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ	m ꜣꜥꜥ	r ꜣꜥꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n	ꜣꜥꜥw, ꜣꜥꜥ	consecutive	ꜣꜥꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣꜥꜥt
perfective3	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥꜥ	potentialis1	ꜣꜥꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw5, ꜣꜥꜥy5
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj6, ꜣꜥꜥy6	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw5
prospective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥtj7	—	ꜣꜥꜥtj4, ꜣꜥꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ  

jꜥꜥw	ꜣꜥꜥw	ꜣꜥꜥt
[Amarna Period]	[20th Dynasty]	[20th Dynasty]
from Amarna boundary stela S, line 24

Etymology 2

Verb

 2ae gem.

1. (transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include: [19th Dynasty]
   1. to accuse
   2. to injure, to harm

Usage notes

Gardiner considers the evidence too scanty to determine the exact meaning of this word, but suggests a possible association with ꜥꜥw (“to sleep”) and is ‘convinced that the word conveyed something a good deal more painful than mere “accusation”’.

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣꜥꜥ (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: ꜣꜥ, geminated stem: ꜣꜥꜥ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣꜥꜥ8	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥt	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥ	ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ	m ꜣꜥꜥ	r ꜣꜥꜥ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥꜥ.n, ꜣꜥ.n	ꜣꜥ	consecutive	ꜣꜥ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣꜥꜥt
perfective3	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	potentialis1	ꜣꜥ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣꜥ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣꜥ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣꜥ	ꜣꜥ, ꜣꜥw5, ꜣꜥy5
imperfective	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj6, ꜣꜥꜥy6	ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw5
prospective	ꜣꜥ, ꜣꜥtj7	—	ꜣꜥꜥtj4, ꜣꜥꜥt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. ꜣꜥ before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ  

ꜣꜥꜥw	ꜣꜥꜥ

Derived terms

• ꜥꜥt

Etymology 3

According to the Rösslerian school of Egyptian comparison, from earlier *lꜥꜥ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *laɣ- (?) (“to speak”); compare Proto-Semitic *lɣz, Arabic لَغَزَ (laḡaza, “to speak enigmatically, to use puzzling or riddle-like language”), Hebrew לעז (“to speak a foreign language”).

Verb

1. (intransitive, Late Egyptian) to speak a foreign language, to gibber

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ  

ꜣꜥꜥwjtj	ꜣꜥꜥwj
[sic], for inflected ꜣꜥꜥ.wj

Noun

 m

1. (Late Egyptian) speaker of a foreign language, generally a foreigner or interpreter

Inflection

Declension of ꜣꜥꜥ (masculine)

singular	ꜣꜥꜥ
dual	ꜣꜥꜥwj
plural	ꜣꜥꜥw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ  

ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣꜥꜥ  

ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ	ꜣꜥꜥ
		[sic], erroneous determinative	abbreviation	abbreviation

Etymology 4

Noun

 m

1. a type of tree [20th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣꜥꜥ (masculine)

singular	ꜣꜥꜥ
dual	ꜣꜥꜥwj
plural	ꜣꜥꜥw

Proper noun

  m./f. topo.

1. a place name [20th Dynasty]

Etymology 5

Noun

 m

1. (medicine) a liquid used medicinally [19th Dynasty]

Etymology 6

Verb

1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. [Theban royal funerary literature]

Etymology 7

Verb

1. Alternative form of ꜥꜥw (“to sleep”)

Etymology 8

Noun

 m

1. Alternative form of jꜥ (“tomb”)

References

• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 10
• Lesko, Leonard, Lesko, Barbara (2002) A Dictionary of Late Egyptian, second edition, volume 1, Providence: B.C. Scribe Publications, →ISBN, pages 1–2
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 2.13–3.3, 3.5, 40.6
• Gardiner, Alan (1948) “The First Two Pages of the Wörterbuch” in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 34, p. 16–18
• Gardiner, Alan (1948) The Wilbour Papyrus, Volume II: Commentary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 32