긋다

Korean

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈkɯ(ː)t̚t͈a̠]
Phonetic hangul: [귿(ː)따]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	geutda
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	geusda
McCune–Reischauer^?	kŭtta
Yale Romanization^?	kūsta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Seonjong yeonggajip eonhae (禪宗永嘉集諺解 / 선종영가집언해), 1456, as Middle Korean 긋다 (Yale: kus-ta).

Verb

긋다 • (geutda) (irregular, infinitive 그어, sequential 그으니)

(transitive, also figuratively) to draw a line; to mark

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 긋다 (geutda): consonant-stem, ㅅ(s)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	긋는다 geunneunda	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	긋습니다 geutseumnida
Indicative	Past	그었다 geueotda	그었어 geueosseo	그었어요 geueosseoyo	그었습니다 geueotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	긋느냐 geunneunya	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	긋습니까 geutseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	그었느냐 geueonneunya	그었어 geueosseo	그었어요 geueosseoyo	그었습니까 geueotseumnikka
Hortative		긋자 geutja	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	그으십시다 geueusipsida
Imperative		그어라 geueora	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	그읍시오 geueupsio
Assertive		긋겠다 geutgetda	긋겠어 geutgesseo	긋겠어요 geutgesseoyo	긋겠습니다 geutgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		그어 geueo	그어서 geueoseo	그으니 geueuni	그으니까 geueunikka
Contrast		긋지만 geutjiman	긋는데 geunneunde	긋더니 geutdeoni
Conjunction		긋고 geutgo
Condition		그으면 geueumyeon	그어야 geueoya
Motive		그으려고 geueuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		그음 geueum	긋기 geutgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그었음 geueosseum	그었기 geueotgi
Determiners	Past	그은 geueun
	Present	긋는 geunneun
	Future	그을 geueul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그으신다 geueusinda	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요, 그으셔요 geueuseyo, geueusyeoyo	그으십니다 geueusimnida
Indicative	Past	그으셨다 geueusyeotda	그으셨어 geueusyeosseo	그으셨어요 geueusyeosseoyo	그으셨습니다 geueusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그으시느냐 geueusineunya	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요, 그으셔요 geueuseyo, geueusyeoyo	그으십니까 geueusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	그으셨느냐 geueusyeonneunya	그으셨어 geueusyeosseo	그으셨어요 geueusyeosseoyo	그으셨습니까 geueusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		그으시라 geueusira	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요 geueuseyo	그으십시오 geueusipsio
Assertive		그으시겠다 geueusigetda	그으시겠어 geueusigesseo	그으시겠어요 geueusigesseoyo	그으시겠습니다 geueusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		그으셔 geueusyeo	그으셔서 geueusyeoseo	그으시니 geueusini	그으시니까 geueusinikka
Contrast		그으시지만 geueusijiman	그으시는데 geueusineunde	그으시더니 geueusideoni
Conjunction		그으시고 geueusigo
Condition		그으시면 geueusimyeon	그으셔야 geueusyeoya
Motive		그으시려고 geueusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		그으심 geueusim	그으시기 geueusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그으셨음 geueusyeosseum	그으셨기 geueusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	그으신 geueusin
	Present	그으시는 geueusineun
	Future	그으실 geueusil

Etymology 2

Of native Korean origin.

Verb

긋다 • (geutda) (irregular, infinitive 그어, sequential 그으니)

(intransitive, of rain) to stop temporarily
(transitive) to wait for the rain to stop

Conjugation

Selected forms of the verb 긋다 (geutda): consonant-stem, ㅅ(s)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	긋는다 geunneunda	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	긋습니다 geutseumnida
Indicative	Past	그었다 geueotda	그었어 geueosseo	그었어요 geueosseoyo	그었습니다 geueotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	긋느냐 geunneunya	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	긋습니까 geutseumnikka
Interrogative	Past	그었느냐 geueonneunya	그었어 geueosseo	그었어요 geueosseoyo	그었습니까 geueotseumnikka
Hortative		긋자 geutja	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	그으십시다 geueusipsida
Imperative		그어라 geueora	그어 geueo	그어요 geueoyo	그읍시오 geueupsio
Assertive		긋겠다 geutgetda	긋겠어 geutgesseo	긋겠어요 geutgesseoyo	긋겠습니다 geutgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		그어 geueo	그어서 geueoseo	그으니 geueuni	그으니까 geueunikka
Contrast		긋지만 geutjiman	긋는데 geunneunde	긋더니 geutdeoni
Conjunction		긋고 geutgo
Condition		그으면 geueumyeon	그어야 geueoya
Motive		그으려고 geueuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		그음 geueum	긋기 geutgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그었음 geueosseum	그었기 geueotgi
Determiners	Past	그은 geueun
	Present	긋는 geunneun
	Future	그을 geueul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	그으신다 geueusinda	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요, 그으셔요 geueuseyo, geueusyeoyo	그으십니다 geueusimnida
Indicative	Past	그으셨다 geueusyeotda	그으셨어 geueusyeosseo	그으셨어요 geueusyeosseoyo	그으셨습니다 geueusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	그으시느냐 geueusineunya	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요, 그으셔요 geueuseyo, geueusyeoyo	그으십니까 geueusimnikka
Interrogative	Past	그으셨느냐 geueusyeonneunya	그으셨어 geueusyeosseo	그으셨어요 geueusyeosseoyo	그으셨습니까 geueusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		그으시라 geueusira	그으셔 geueusyeo	그으세요 geueuseyo	그으십시오 geueusipsio
Assertive		그으시겠다 geueusigetda	그으시겠어 geueusigesseo	그으시겠어요 geueusigesseoyo	그으시겠습니다 geueusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		그으셔 geueusyeo	그으셔서 geueusyeoseo	그으시니 geueusini	그으시니까 geueusinikka
Contrast		그으시지만 geueusijiman	그으시는데 geueusineunde	그으시더니 geueusideoni
Conjunction		그으시고 geueusigo
Condition		그으시면 geueusimyeon	그으셔야 geueusyeoya
Motive		그으시려고 geueusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		그으심 geueusim	그으시기 geueusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		그으셨음 geueusyeosseum	그으셨기 geueusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	그으신 geueusin
	Present	그으시는 geueusineun
	Future	그으실 geueusil

Middle Korean

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɨ̀t͡sʰ.tá/, [kɨ̀s̚.t͈á]

Verb

Middle Korean verb set
Base	긋다〮 (kùstá)
Causative	그치〮다〮 (kùchítá)

긋다〮 (kùstá) (infinitive 그처〮 (kùché), sequential 그츠〮니〮 (kùchúní), phonemic spelling 긏다〮)

(ergative) to cut or to be cut
(ergative) to (come to a) stop
- 1447, “Stanza 2”, in 龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가 [Yongbi Eocheon'ga]:
  ᄉᆡ〯-미〮 기픈〮 므〮-른〮 ᄀᆞ〮ᄆᆞ -래〮 아니〮 그츨〮ᄊᆡ〮 내〯-히〮 이러〮 바ᄅᆞ〮-래〮 가〮ᄂᆞ니〮
  sǒym-í kìphún múl-ún kómòl-áy àní kùchúlssóy nǎyh-í ìlé pàlól-áy kánòní
  The water from a deep spring, for a drought stops [i.e. dries] it not, becomes a stream and flows into the sea.

Related terms

ᄀᆞᆺ다 (gᆞtda) (ablaut form)

Descendants

Early Modern Korean: 긏다 (kuchta), 그ퟌ다 (kunchta), ᄭᅳퟌ다 (skunchta), ᄭᅳᆭ다 (skunhta)
- Korean: 끊다 (kkeunta, “to cut; to stop”, transitive)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kɨz.ta/

Verb

긋다 (kusta) (infinitive 그ᅀᅥ (kuze), sequential 그ᅀᅳ니 (kuzuni), phonemic spelling 그ᇫ다)

(transitive) to draw a line

Descendants

Korean: 긋다 (geutda)