향하다
Korean edit
Etymology edit
향(向) (hyang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈça̠(ː)ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [향(ː)하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | hyanghada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | hyanghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | hyanghada |
| Yale Romanization? | hyānghata |
Verb edit
향하다 • (hyanghada) (infinitive 향해 or 향하여, sequential 향하니, hanja 向하다)
- (transitive or intransitive) to face; to make for, to go towards
Conjugation edit
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 향한다 hyanghanda |
향해 hyanghae |
향해요 hyanghaeyo |
향합니다 hyanghamnida |
| Past | 향했다 hyanghaetda |
향했어 hyanghaesseo |
향했어요 hyanghaesseoyo |
향했습니다 hyanghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 향하느냐 hyanghaneunya |
향해 hyanghae |
향해요 hyanghaeyo |
향합니까 hyanghamnikka |
| Past | 향했느냐 hyanghaenneunya |
향했어 hyanghaesseo |
향했어요 hyanghaesseoyo |
향했습니까 hyanghaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 향하자 hyanghaja |
향해 hyanghae |
향해요 hyanghaeyo |
향하십시다 hyanghasipsida | |
| Imperative | 향해라, 향하여라 hyanghaera, hyanghayeora |
향해 hyanghae |
향해요 hyanghaeyo |
향합시오 hyanghapsio | |
| Assertive | 향하겠다 hyanghagetda |
향하겠어 hyanghagesseo |
향하겠어요 hyanghagesseoyo |
향하겠습니다 hyanghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 향해 hyanghae |
향해서, 향하여서 hyanghaeseo, hyanghayeoseo |
향하니 hyanghani |
향하니까 hyanghanikka | |
| Contrast | 향하지만 hyanghajiman |
향하는데 hyanghaneunde |
향하더니 hyanghadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 향하고 hyanghago |
||||
| Condition | 향하면 hyanghamyeon |
향해야, 향하여야 hyanghaeya, hyanghayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 향하려고 hyangharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 향함 hyangham |
향하기 hyanghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 향했음, 향하였음 hyanghaesseum, hyanghayeosseum |
향했기, 향하였기 hyanghaetgi, hyanghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 향한 hyanghan | |||
| Present | 향하는 hyanghaneun | ||||
| Future | 향할 hyanghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 향하신다 hyanghasinda |
향하셔 hyanghasyeo |
향하세요, 향하셔요 hyanghaseyo, hyanghasyeoyo |
향하십니다 hyanghasimnida |
| Past | 향하셨다 hyanghasyeotda |
향하셨어 hyanghasyeosseo |
향하셨어요 hyanghasyeosseoyo |
향하셨습니다 hyanghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 향하시느냐 hyanghasineunya |
향하셔 hyanghasyeo |
향하세요, 향하셔요 hyanghaseyo, hyanghasyeoyo |
향하십니까 hyanghasimnikka |
| Past | 향하셨느냐 hyanghasyeonneunya |
향하셨어 hyanghasyeosseo |
향하셨어요 hyanghasyeosseoyo |
향하셨습니까 hyanghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 향하시라 hyanghasira |
향하셔 hyanghasyeo |
향하세요 hyanghaseyo |
향하십시오 hyanghasipsio | |
| Assertive | 향하시겠다 hyanghasigetda |
향하시겠어 hyanghasigesseo |
향하시겠어요 hyanghasigesseoyo |
향하시겠습니다 hyanghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 향하셔 hyanghasyeo |
향하셔서 hyanghasyeoseo |
향하시니 hyanghasini |
향하시니까 hyanghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 향하시지만 hyanghasijiman |
향하시는데 hyanghasineunde |
향하시더니 hyanghasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 향하시고 hyanghasigo |
||||
| Condition | 향하시면 hyanghasimyeon |
향하셔야 hyanghasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 향하시려고 hyanghasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 향하심 hyanghasim |
향하시기 hyanghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 향하셨음 hyanghasyeosseum |
향하셨기 hyanghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 향하신 hyanghasin | |||
| Present | 향하시는 hyanghasineun | ||||
| Future | 향하실 hyanghasil | ||||