𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +‎ 𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 (wisan, “to feast, make merry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /biˈwisan/

Verb

𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 • (biwisan) (perfective)

1. (hapax) to make merry
   • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 15:29b:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌰𐌹𐍅 𐌰𐍄𐌲𐌰𐍆𐍄 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽, 𐌴𐌹 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌿

     jah mis ni aiw atgaft gaitein, ei miþ frijōndam meinaim biwēsjau

     and yet thou never gavest me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 5 strong
Infinitive	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽 biwisan
Indicative	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰 biwisa	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍃 biwas	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwisada
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐍃 biwisis	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍃𐍄 biwast	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌶𐌰 biwisaza
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 biwisiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍃 biwas	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰 biwisada
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍉𐍃 biwisōs	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿 biwesu	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwisats	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍄𐍃 biwesuts	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌼 biwisam	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌼 biwesum	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwisanda
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 biwisiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌸 biwesuþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwisanda
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳 biwisand	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌿𐌽 biwesun	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 biwisanda
Subjunctive	Present	Past	Present passive
1st singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌿 biwisau	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌿 biwesjau	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisaidau
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍃 biwisais	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍃 biweseis	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 biwisaizau
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹 biwisai	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌹 biwesi	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisaidau
1st dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 biwisaiwa	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 biweseiwa	—
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 biwisaits	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 biweseits	—
1st plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 biwisaima	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 biweseima	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisaindau
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌸 biwisaiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌸 biweseiþ	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisaindau
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 biwisaina	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌴𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 biweseina	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisaindau
Imperative
2nd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃 biwis
3rd singular	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisadau
2nd dual	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐍄𐍃 biwisats
2nd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸 biwisiþ
3rd plural	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 biwisandau
	Present	Past
Participles	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 biwisands	𐌱𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 biwisans

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 176