-ен

See also: ен, Ен, and Appendix:Variations of "en"

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɛn]

• Audio

  (file)

Suffix

-ен • (-en)

1. (highly productive) suffix appended to nouns to form an adjective meaning "having the property of X", or "related to/consisting of X".

Derived terms

Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ен

Macedonian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ of no dissimilar meaning.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛn]

Suffix

-ен • (-en) m

1. suffix appended to nouns to form an adjective meaning "having the property of X"

   ‎слава (slava, “glory”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎славен (slaven, “glorious”)

   ‎век (vek, “century”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎вечен (večen, “eternal”)

   ‎тага (taga, “sorrow”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎тажен (tažen, “sad”)

2. suffix appended to nouns to form an adjective meaning "consisting of, related to, or pertaining to X"

   ‎мозок (mozok, “brain”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎мозочен (mozočen, “cerebral”)

   ‎бакар (bakar, “copper”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎бакарен (bakaren, “made of copper”)

   ‎вода (voda, “water”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎воден (voden, “aqueous”)

Declension

Declension of -ен

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	-ен	-на	-но	-ни
definite unspecified	-ниот	-ната	-ното	-ните
definite proximal	-ниов	-нава	-ново	-ниве
definite distal	-нион	-нана	-ноно	-нине

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-enъ, likewise forming past passive participles.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛn]

Suffix

-ен • (-en) m

1. suffix appended to some verbs ending in -е and most verbs ending in -и, provided that the preceding consonant is not н or њ, to derive the passive participle

   ‎влече (vleče, “pull”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎влечен (vlečen, “pulled”)

   ‎сади (sadi, “plant”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎саден (saden, “planted”)

2. suffix appended to nouns to form an adjective meaning "having the property of X"

   ‎вода (voda, “water”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎воден (voden, “wet”)

3. suffix appended to nouns to form an adjective meaning "consisting of, related to, or pertaining to X"

   ‎мед (med, “honey”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎меден (meden, “honeyed”)

   ‎свила (svila, “silk”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎свилен (svilen, “silken”)

   ‎коска (koska, “bone”) + ‎-ен (-en) → ‎коскен (kosken, “osseous”)

Declension

Declension of -ен

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
indefinite	-ен	-ена	-ено	-ени
definite unspecified	-ениот	-ената	-еното	-ените
definite proximal	-ениов	-енава	-еново	-ениве
definite distal	-енион	-енана	-еноно	-енине

Derived terms

Macedonian terms suffixed with -ен