-mpi

Finnish

Suffix

-mpi

1. (adjectival) Forms comparatives from adjectives.

   heikko weak -> heikompi

   matala low, shallow -> matalampi

   ruma ugly -> rumempi

   suuri great, big -> suurempi

2. Used to form adjectives that indicate relative location from some nouns that in itself indicate location. In most of these cases the noun has disappeared from the language as independent word but continues to exist as prefix, and some cases are used as postpositions indicating location.

   etu -> edempi (“located in front of sometihng else, nearer”)

   lähi- -> lähempi (“closer”)

   perä (“aft part of something”) -> perempi (“located further aback”)

   sisä -> sisempi (“inner”)

   taka -> taempi (“located behind something else”)

   ulko- -> ulompi (“outer”)

Usage notes

• The suffix has the form -mpi in the nominative singular. It has, in other singular cases, the strong vowel stem -mpa-/-mpä- and the weak vowel stem -mma-/-mmä-. In plural, it has the strong vowel stem -mpi- and the weak vowel stem -mmi-.

• Bisyllabic adjectives ending in -a or -ä change the final vowel to e before the comparative suffix but trisyllabic adjectives don't. The stem is the same as in the genitive singular.

Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Declension of -mpi (type vanhempi) singular plural nominative -mpi -mmat genitive -mman -mpien -mpain1 partitive -mpaa -mpia accusative -mpi -mman -mmat inessive -mmassa -mmissa elative -mmasta -mmista illative -mpaan -mpiin adessive -mmalla -mmilla ablative -mmalta -mmilta allative -mmalle -mmille essive -mpana -mpina translative -mmaksi -mmiksi instructive – -mmin abessive -mmatta -mmitta comitative – -mpine 1) Rare.

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Declension of -mpi (type vanhempi) singular plural nominative -mpi -mmät genitive -mmän -mpien -mpäin1 partitive -mpää -mpiä accusative -mpi -mmän -mmät inessive -mmässä -mmissä elative -mmästä -mmistä illative -mpään -mpiin adessive -mmällä -mmillä ablative -mmältä -mmiltä allative -mmälle -mmille essive -mpänä -mpinä translative -mmäksi -mmiksi instructive – -mmin abessive -mmättä -mmittä comitative – -mpine 1) Rare.

See also

• -in