Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lamjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *lamaz (“lame”) +‎ *-janą. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ломити (lomiti) and Old Prussian limtwei.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*lamjaną

1. to bash, hit
2. to lame, cripple

Inflection

Conjugation of *lamjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lamjō	*lamjaų	—	*lamjai	?
2nd singular	*lamisi	*lamjais	*lami	*lamjasai	*lamjaisau
3rd singular	*lamiþi	*lamjai	*lamjaþau	*lamjaþai	*lamjaiþau
1st dual	*lamjōs	*lamjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*lamjaþiz	*lamjaiþiz	*lamjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*lamjamaz	*lamjaim	—	*lamjanþai	*lamjainþau
2nd plural	*lamiþ	*lamjaiþ	*lamiþ	*lamjanþai	*lamjainþau
3rd plural	*lamjanþi	*lamjain	*lamjanþau	*lamjanþai	*lamjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*lamidǭ	*lamidēdį̄
2nd singular	*lamidēz	*lamidēdīz
3rd singular	*lamidē	*lamidēdī
1st dual	*lamidēdū	*lamidēdīw
2nd dual	*lamidēdudiz	*lamidēdīdiz
1st plural	*lamidēdum	*lamidēdīm
2nd plural	*lamidēdud	*lamidēdīd
3rd plural	*lamidēdun	*lamidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*lamjandz	*lamidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *lammjan
  • Old English: lemman, lemian
    • Middle English: lemen
  • Old Frisian: lemma, lamma
  • Old Saxon: *lemmian
    • Middle Low German: lemmen, lēmen
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: bilemmian
  • Old Dutch: *lemmen
    • Middle Dutch: lemmen, lēmen
      • Dutch: lemmen (obsolete)
  • Old High German: lemmen
    • Middle High German: lemmen, lemen
      • German: lähmen
• Old Norse: lemja
  • Icelandic: lemja
  • Faroese: lemja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: lemje
  • Old Danish: læmiæ
    • Danish: læmme
  • Old Swedish: læmia
    • Swedish: lämma, läma