Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niwjaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *néwyos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈniu̯.jɑz/

Adjective

*niwjaz (comparative *niwizô, superlative *niwistaz)

new

Inflection

Declension of *niwjaz (ja-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*niwjaz	*niwjai	*niwjō	*niwjôz	*niwją, -atō	*niwjō
Accusative	*niwjanǭ	*niwjanz	*niwjǭ	*niwjōz	*niwją, -atō	*niwjō
Genitive	*niwjas, -is	*niwjaizǫ̂	*niwjaizōz	*niwjaizǫ̂	*niwjas, -is	*niwjaizǫ̂
Dative	*niwjammai	*niwjaimaz	*niwjaizōi	*niwjaimaz	*niwjammai	*niwjaimaz
Instrumental	*niwjanō	*niwjaimiz	*niwjaizō	*niwjaimiz	*niwjanō	*niwjaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*niwjô	*niwjaniz	*niwjǭ	*niwjōniz	*niwjô	*niwjōnō
Accusative	*niwjanų	*niwjanunz	*niwjōnų	*niwjōnunz	*niwjô	*niwjōnō
Genitive	*niwiniz	*niwjanǫ̂	*niwjōniz	*niwjōnǫ̂	*niwiniz	*niwjanǫ̂
Dative	*niwini	*niwjammaz	*niwjōni	*niwjōmaz	*niwini	*niwjammaz
Instrumental	*niwinē	*niwjammiz	*niwjōnē	*niwjōmiz	*niwinē	*niwjammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *niwi
- Old English: nīewe, nīwe, nēowe, nīowe
  - Middle English: newe, new, neue
    - English: new
    - Scots: new
- Old Frisian: nīe
  - North Frisian: nei
  - Saterland Frisian: näi
  - West Frisian: nij
- Old Saxon: niuwi
  - Middle Low German: nîe, nîge, nü̂we
    - Dutch Low Saxon: nij
    - German Low German: nü, nüe, nii, nee, neei
    - Plautdietsch: nie
- Old Dutch: niuwi
  - Middle Dutch: niewe, neuwe, newe, niwe, nuwe, niew
    - Dutch: nieuw
      - Afrikaans: nuwe, nuut
      - Javindo: nuwe
      - Jersey Dutch: njuew
      - Negerhollands: nieuw, niw
    - Limburgish: nuuj
- Old High German: niuwi, niuwe, niwe, niwi, nuwi
  - Middle High German: niuwe, neu, new, newe, niu, niwe, nue, nuge, nuwe, nüewe, núwe, nůw, nůwe
    - Alemannic German: nüüw, nöi, nüü
      - Alsatian: nèi
      - Swabian: nei
      - Italian Walser: niw, niww, nu
    - Bavarian: nei, neich
      - Cimbrian: nòjar, nauk, naüge
      - Gottscheerish: nai
      - Hianzisch: neich
      - Mòcheno: nai
      - Udinese: naie, naje, noi
    - Central Franconian: nei, neu
      - Hunsrik: nei
      - Kölsch: neu
      - Transylvanian Saxon: na
    - East Central German:
      - Silesian East Central German: neu
      - Upper Saxon German: nei
        Erzgebirgisch: nei
    - East Franconian: nei, neu
    - German: neu
    - Luxembourgish: nei
    - Rhine Franconian:
      - Hessian: nei, neu
      - Palatine German: nau, nei, neu
      - Pennsylvania German: nei
    - Vilamovian: noj
    - Yiddish: נײַ (nay)
    - Zipser German: nai, neu
Proto-Norse: *ᚾᛁᚢᛃᚨᛉ (*niujaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: ᚾᛁᚢᛃᛁᛚᚨ (niujila), ᚾᛁᚢᚹᛁᛚᚨ (niuwila)
- Old Norse: nýr
  - Icelandic: nýr
  - Faroese: nýggjur
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ny, (dialectal) nyr
  - Old Swedish: nȳr
    - Swedish: ny
  - Old Danish: ny
    - Danish: ny
      - Norwegian Bokmål: ny
Gothic: 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niujis)