na
Translingual edit
Symbol edit
na
English edit
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English na, from Old English nā, from Old English ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). More at no.
Adverb edit
na (not comparable)
Etymology 2 edit
Development of Etymology 1, above; compare nah.
Interjection edit
na
- (Geordie or Scotland) No.
- "Na, yor wrang."
- "Na, ye cannet watch telly."
- "Divn’t yee like milk?" "Na."
References edit
- Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
- A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN
Etymology 3 edit
Abbreviations.
Noun edit
na
Etymology 4 edit
Adverb edit
na (not comparable)
- (Philippines, slang) Now; already.
- You need to sleep na.
Etymology 5 edit
Adverb edit
na (not comparable)
- (North India, slang) isn't it?.
- It is far na?.
See also edit
Anagrams edit
'Are'are edit
Article edit
na
References edit
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
Acehnese edit
Verb edit
na
- to be (exist)
Derived terms edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Indo-European *nō̆s (“we”).
Pronoun edit
na
Alternative forms edit
Asturian edit
Etymology edit
From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + feminine singular article la (“the”).
Contraction edit
na f (masculine nel, neuter no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nes)
- in the
Bambara edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
Particle edit
na (tone nà)
- auxiliary marker for future tense
- sini, i bɛ na taa sugu jɔ
- You will go to the market tomorrow
References edit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Bikol Central edit
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
- already
- Naghali na po siya sa harong.
- S/he already left the house.
- yet (only in questions)
- Tapos ka na?
- Are you finished yet?
- anymore
- Dai na niya kayang tioson.
- S/he can't endure it anymore.
Particle edit
na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
- connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies
- Synonym: -ng
- Bilog na bulan ― Whole month
Phrase edit
na (Basahan spelling ᜈ)
Blagar edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Zia na.
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
na
Noun edit
na
References edit
- H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
- W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
- A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
Cameroon Pidgin edit
Pronunciation edit
Predicative edit
na
- copula for nouns and adjectives
- a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
Catalan edit
Etymology edit
From the final syllable of Latin domina (“Lady”).
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
na f sg (elided n', masculine en)
- (Eastern) personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la
- En Pau i na Maria arribaran demà.
- Pau and Maria will be arriving tomorrow.
Usage notes edit
- While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.
Related terms edit
Cavineña edit
Noun edit
na
- root of ena
References edit
- Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN
Central Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Pronoun edit
na
Chavacano edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Portuguese na, contraction of em a.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- indirect object marker: to
- Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.
- used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at
- Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.
- used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
- used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
- used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of
Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Czech na, from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
- Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.
- on (location, + locative case)
- Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.
- to (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))
- Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.
- at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))
- Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.
- for (purpose, + accusative case)
- Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.
- at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
- Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!
Further reading edit
Dalmatian edit
Etymology edit
Adverb edit
na
Related terms edit
Domari edit
Etymology edit
Numeral edit
na
- (Aleppo, cardinal number) nine
References edit
- Bruno Herin (2012) “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery[4], volume 10, number 2,
Drung edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ.
Pronoun edit
na
- you (sg.)
References edit
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[5], Santa Barbara: University of California
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch na, from Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic *nāhw, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.
Preposition edit
na
- after
- (op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.
- Brazilië is met zijn 8,5 miljoen vierkante kilometer het grootste land van Zuid-Amerika en het op vier na grootste ter wereld.
- With its 8.5 million square kilometers, Brazil is the largest country in South America and the fifth largest in the world.
- Naast dat de toonladder een kenmerkend gegeven is, zijn er ook bepaalde tonen, die een speciale rol hebben, zoals de vadi en de samvadi, respectievelijk: de belangrijkste en de op een na belangrijkste toon.
- Next to [the fact] that the musical scale is a characteristic datum, there are also certain tones that have a special role, such as the vadi and the samvadi: respectively the most important and second most important tones.
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
-verbs:
- nabakken
- nabauwen
- nabellen
- nabeschouwen
- nabestellen
- nabetalen
- nabewerken
- nablaffen
- nablazen
- nablijven
- nablikken
- nabloeden
- nabloeien
- nablussen
- nabootsen
- nabouwen
- nabranden
- nabrengen
- nabruisen
- nabrullen
- nachecken
- nadenken
- nadoen
- nadraaien
- nadragen
- nadraven
- nadreunen
- nadruppelen
- naduiden
- nadweilen
- nafietsen
- nafladderen
- nafluisteren
- nafluiten
- nagaan
- nagalmen
- nagapen
- nageven
- naglijden
- naglimmen
- nagloeien
- nagloren
- nagluren
- nagonzen
- nagooien
- nahaken
- nahijgen
- nahinken
- nahollen
- nahuilen
- najagen
- najanken
- najoelen
- najouwen
- najubelen
- najuichen
- nakaarten
- nakaatsen
- nakakelen
- nakalken
- nakauwen
- nakeffen
- nakijken
- naklagen
- naklauteren
- nakletsen
- nakleuren
- naklimmen
- naklinken
- nakloppen
- nakluiven
- nakomen
- nakraaien
- nakrijgen
- nakrijsen
- nakruipen
- nakuieren
- nakwaken
- nalachen
- nalaten
- naleven
- nalezen
- nalichten
- naliegen
- naloeren
- nalopen
- naluiden
- naluisteren
- namaken
- namalen
- nameten
- namijmeren
- namompelen
- naogen
- naoogsten
- napalen
- napassen
- napersen
- napiepen
- napitten
- naplegen
- napleiten
- napluizen
- napoetsen
- napraten
- narennen
- narijden
- naroepen
- naschallen
- naschetsen
- naschilderen
- naschouwen
- naschreeuwen
- naschrijven
- naschuiven
- naschuren
- naseinen
- nasissen
- naslaan
- naslenteren
- naslijpen
- nasluipen
- nasmeulen
- nasmijten
- nasnellen
- nasnijden
- nasnikken
- nasnorren
- nasnuffelen
- naspelen
- naspeuren
- naspieden
- nasporen
- naspreken
- naspringen
- nastamelen
- nastappen
- nastaren
- nastreven
- nastrompelen
- nastrooien
- nasturen
- nasudderen
- nasuizen
- natekenen
- natellen
- natrekken
- navertellen
- navoelen
- navolgen
- navorsen
- nawegen
- nawerken
- nawuiven
- nazeggen
- nazenden
- nazetten
- nazitten
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Dutch *nāh, *nā, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.
Adjective edit
na (comparative nader, superlative naast)
Inflection edit
The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.
Inflection of na | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | na | |||
inflected | naë | |||
comparative | nader | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | nader | het naast het naaste | ||
indefinite | m./f. sing. | naë | nadere | naaste |
n. sing. | na | nader | naaste | |
plural | naë | nadere | naaste | |
definite | naë | nadere | naaste | |
partitive | na's | naders | — |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Preposition edit
na
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl edit
Pronoun edit
na
- first person; I
See also edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
Presumably from Russian на (na) and Polish na; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- (neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed) Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.
- Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.
- I read Gerda Disappeared.
- Mi legis na Gerda Malaperis.
Usage notes edit
Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu (“one”)), particles (iom (“some”), kies (“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + feminine article a (“the”).
Pronunciation edit
Contraction edit
na f (masculine no, masculine plural nos, feminine plural nas)
Etymology 2 edit
From a mutation of a.
Pronoun edit
na f (accusative)
Usage notes edit
The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.
Related terms edit
German edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu.
Interjection edit
na
- well!, so!; used to introduce a statement
- Na, dann fangen wir mal an!
- So, let’s get started!
- Ich bin ein Narr? Na, du auch!
- I am a clown? Well, so are you!
- oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration
- Na, das ist ja nett, dass ihr vorbeikommt!
- Oh, that’s nice of you to come by!
- Na? Ob das so stimmt...
- Huh? Not sure if that’s correct...
- Na! Warum will das denn jetzt wieder nicht?
- Och! Why does this thing not work yet again?
- Na toll! Kein Empfang.
- Oh great! No signal.
- (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer
- Was ist zwei plus drei? Na?
- What’s two plus three? Huh?
- (regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”
- Na! Lang nicht gesehen!
- Hey! Long time no see!
- Na! Wie geht’s?
- Hi! How are you?
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
A variant of nein.
Interjection edit
na
- (regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria) Alternative form of nein (“no”)
- Na. Das geht net.
- No. That doesn’t work.
Anagrams edit
Guinea-Bissau Creole edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese na. Cognate with Kabuverdianu na.
Preposition edit
na
Hamap edit
Pronoun edit
na
- I (first-person singular pronoun)
References edit
- Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008
Hawaiian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
Usage notes edit
- Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).
Hungarian edit
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
na
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ingrian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Russian на (na).
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
na
- here! there you go! (said when handing something over)
References edit
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 331
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
na (definite article)
- genitive singular feminine of an (triggers h-prothesis)
- na háite ― of the place
- nominative/dative plural of an (triggers h-prothesis)
- na héin ― the birds
- ó na cailíní ― from the girls
- genitive plural of an (triggers eclipsis)
- na bpáistí ― of the children
Contraction edit
na
- Nonstandard form of ina
- 1906, E. C. Quiggin, “Áindrías an Ime”, in A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties, page 196:
- Bhí Áindrías an Ime na chomhnaidhe i mBaile ui Mún i nGleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.
- Áindrías of the Butter lived in Ballymoon in Gleann an Bhaile Dhuibh.
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
na | not applicable | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Descendants edit
- → Yola: na
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “na”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “na” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “na” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Japanese edit
Romanization edit
na
Kabuverdianu edit
Etymology edit
From Portuguese na.
Preposition edit
na
Kapampangan edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.
Pronoun edit
na
- 3rd person singular possessive/ergative pronoun: he; his; she; her; it; its
- Bayu ya ing bale na.
- Her/his house is new.
- Nanu ing seli na?
- What did s/he buy?
Etymology 2 edit
Possibly a contraction of nanu (“what”). Compare Tagalog 'no, Japanese な (na), ね (ne).
Interjection edit
na
- (masculine, informal, mild emphatic) used to get someone's attention, generally carries neutral or slightly positive connotations
- Na munta ka?
- Hey, are you going?
- Na dimdam me?
- Hey, did you hear?
Particle edit
na
- (informal, mild emphatic) sentence-final particle indicating emotion or mild emphasis
- Makanini namu siguru na?
- Maybe it is what it is, isn't it?
- Nokarin nakaman munta na?
- Where are you going, huh?
Ligature edit
na
- connects adjectives to nouns
- Malairo na banwa.
- the blue sky.
- kakatua na tau.
- A strange person.
Adverb edit
na
- already; now (expresses the event when following a verb)
- Yari na.
- Finished already.
- Munta naka.
- Are you going now?.
- already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
- Matudtud na.
- Slept already.
- Sinali na.
- Bought already.
- already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
- Lungub nakata.
- Let's go in already.
- Pepasali nakung panulu.
- I'm having someone buy the medicine now.
See also edit
Karaim edit
Alternative forms edit
- на (Cyrillic)
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Interjection edit
na
- here you are! take it!
Kasem edit
Noun edit
na
References edit
- SIL Burkina Faso, Dictionnaire bilingue kassem - français, 2007
Kashubian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Preposition edit
na
- denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- Synonym: nó
- denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Interjection edit
na
Further reading edit
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “na”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego[6] (in Kashubian), page 110
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 1”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[7], volume 2, page 2
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “na 2”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[8], volume 2, page 2
- “na”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
- “na!”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Kikuyu edit
Particle edit
na
- (instrumental) with[1]
- Gũtema na kanua ti gũtema na rũhiũ.
- To cut with a mouth is not to cut with a knife.
- (comitative) and, with[1]
- Ikinya na thĩ itiaganaga.
- The foot and the earth cannot help meeting.
- (source) from[1]
- Synonym: kuuma
- Wega uumaga na mũciĩ.
- Goodness comes from home.
- but[1]
- Kanua njero, na mũciĩ ndũkomeka nĩ heho.
- The mouth is sweet, but the house is too cold to lie at.
References edit
Kilivila edit
Noun edit
na
- (in compounds) woman
References edit
- Gunter Senft (1986), Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 372, 591. →ISBN
Ladin edit
Article edit
na f
Synonyms edit
See also edit
Ladino edit
Etymology edit
From Greek να (na), from Ancient Greek ἤν (ḗn).
Alternative forms edit
- nalde (Monastir)
Interjection edit
na (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling נה)
Lakota edit
Conjunction edit
na
Latin edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
nā
- imperative singular of nō, swim!
References edit
- na in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Lingala edit
Etymology edit
Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahili na), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbo na, Krio na.
Preposition edit
na
Lower Sorbian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
Further reading edit
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luganda edit
Conjunction edit
na
- and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)
See also edit
References edit
The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.
Macanese edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese na, itself from Old Galician-Portuguese na. Semantically, compare Chavacano na.
Preposition edit
na
- in
- botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper
- Já levâ ung'a perada na cara qui ficó vangueado.
- The ball hit him so hard in the face that he fainted.
- at
- na casa ― at home
- na festa ― at the party
- on
- estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground
Usage notes edit
- As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
- Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.
Derived terms edit
- têm na trâs di porta (“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)
Etymology 2 edit
Possibly a reduced form of Portuguese ainda.
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
na
- still, yet
- Já cavâ fazê liçam di casa? Nunca nâ, faltâ três folia
- Have you finished your homework yet? Not yet, I still have three pages
- Ela tâ assí chistosa na? Certo, iou-sa Marichai dia-a-dia tâ más bunita
- She still looks so pretty, doesn't she? Of course, my Marichai gets prettier by the day
Etymology 3 edit
Borrowed from Cantonese 嗱 (naa4).
Alternative forms edit
Interjection edit
na
- here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)
Particle edit
na
- emphatic particle
- Cudí ná! ― Help!
- Vai racolê nâ! ― Get lost!
References edit
Mandarin edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Romanization edit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 吶/呐
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 哪
na
- Nonstandard spelling of nā.
- Nonstandard spelling of ná.
- Nonstandard spelling of nǎ.
- Nonstandard spelling of nà.
Usage notes edit
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- Denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- Denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
- Denotes location with events; at [+locative]
- Denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [+accusative]
- Denotes manner [+accusative] or [+adverb]
- Denotes an instrument or tool [+locative] or [+accusative]
- Denotes measure; by [+accusative]
- Denotes result of actions [+accusative]
- Denotes cause of action [+accusative]
- Denotes aim of action [+accusative]
- Denotes aim of action [+accusative]
- Indicating the object of action, influence, state [+accusative]
- Indicating a criterion for comparison or comparison and a point of reference by which something is distinguished [+accusative]
- Denotes a color to which something is painted [+accusative] or [+adverb]
Interjection edit
na
Further reading edit
Middle Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Dutch nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhw.
Preposition edit
na
Adverb edit
na
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Dutch *nāh, from Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz.
Adjective edit
nâ
Inflection edit
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading edit
- “na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- “na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Mpade edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Central Chadic *nɨh.
Verb edit
na
- to ripen
References edit
- S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
- R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
Neapolitan edit
Feminine form of nu, from Latin ūnus.
Alternative forms edit
- n' (before words starting with a vowel)
Etymology edit
Article edit
na f sg
Northern Kurdish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ná, from Proto-Indo-European *ne. Related to ne.
Pronunciation edit
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Interjection edit
na
Northern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Verb edit
-na
- to rain
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Northern Sami edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
na
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Further reading edit
- Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[10], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Northern Sotho edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Verb edit
na
- to rain
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse hana, the accusative form of hon (“she”). Compare with Swedish na. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.
Pronoun edit
na
- (dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho
Usage notes edit
- It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.
See also edit
Ojibwe edit
Particle edit
na
- Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
- Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
- Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
- but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?
Synonyms edit
Old Czech edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
- I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- on (location, + locative case)
- for (purpose, + accusative case)
- at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
Descendants edit
- Czech: na
Further reading edit
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-West Germanic *nai (“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne (“not”) and ā (“ever”).
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
nā
- not
- Nis þæt nā rēad, ac is grēne.
- That's not red, it's green.
- c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17
- Is hit ālīefed þæt man Cāsere gafol selle, þe nā?
- Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?
- c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"
- Dryhten nis nā ōðrum mannum tō wiþmetenne.
- The Lord is not comparable to other people.
- c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
- Nōn egō, sed tū: “Nā iċ, ac þū.” Nōn bōs est, sed equus: “Nis hit nā oxa, ac is hors.”
- Non ego, sed tu: “Not me, you.” Non bos est, sed equus: “It's not an ox, it's a horse.”
- no
- Þæt iċ cwæþ for þon āne þe iċ nā bet nysse.
- I only said that because I didn't know any better (literally "no better").
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
- Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...
- Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...
- Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897
- Þȳ ilcan sumora forwearþ nā lǣs þonne twēntiġ sċipa be þǣm sūðriman.
- That same summer, no less than twenty ships perished on the south coast.
- late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"
- Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...
- Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...
Conjunction edit
nā
- not
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"
- Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtiġ ǣlce dæġe fētt ealne middanġeard þonne þæt wundor wǣre þæt hē þā ġefylde fīf þūsende manna mid fīf hlāfum—ac þæs wundrodon menn nā for þȳ þæt hit māre wundor wǣre, ac for þȳ þæt hit wæs unġewunelīċ.
- It's more of a miracle that God Almighty feeds the whole world every day than that he fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread—but that amazed people not because it was more miraculous, but because it was unusual.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"
Synonyms edit
- (conjunction): næs
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
See also edit
Old Frisian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-West Germanic *nai, equivalent to a blend of ne (“not”) + ā (“ever”). Akin to Old English nā.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
nā
Descendants edit
- West Frisian: nea
Particle edit
nā
Descendants edit
- Saterland Frisian: noa
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
nā (+ dative)
- Alternative form of nēi
References edit
- Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Old Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
na (triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
na
- neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach (“any”)
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
na
- Alternative spelling of ná (“don’t”)
Old Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
- denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [+accusative]
- denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [+accusative]
- denotes a goal or purpose; for [+accusative]
- used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [+accusative] or [+locative]
- denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- denotes a period of time; during [+locc]
- denotes frequency; per [+case]
- denotes location with events; at [+locative]
- denotes manner [+accusative]
Descendants edit
References edit
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Pali edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Sanskrit न (na).
Particle edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective edit
na
- (demonstrative) that
Declension edit
Case \ Number | Singular |
---|---|
Accusative (second) | naṃ |
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Pronoun edit
na m or n
- (demonstrative) that
- him, it
- (in the plural) them
- 2006, The Fifth Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Majjhimanikāya (II)[11], page 558:
- පුන ච පරං භන්තෙ, ඉමෙ ඉසිදත්තපුරාණා ථපතයො මමභත්තා
මමයානා අහං නෙසං ජීවිතස්ස පදාතා යසස්ස ආහත්තා අථ ච පන
නො තථා මයි නිපච්චාකාරං කරොන්ති යථා භගවති.- Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
mamayānā ahaṃ nesaṃ jīvitassa padātā yasassa āhattā atha ca pana
no tathā mayi nipaccākāraṃ karonti yathā bhagavati. - Furthermore, sir, these chamberlains Isidatta and Purāṇa share my meals and my carriages. I give them a livelihood and bring them renown. And yet they don’t show me the same level of devotion that they show to the Buddha.
- Puna ca paraṃ bhante, ime isidattapurāṇā thapatayo mamabhattā
Usage notes edit
Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.
Declension edit
Synonyms edit
References edit
Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Papiamentu edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Portuguese na and Kabuverdianu na.
Preposition edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
Preposition edit
na
Phalura edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
na (negating, Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)
- not
- don't
References edit
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[12], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 2 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
na (Perso-Arabic spelling نہ)
- no!
References edit
Phuthi edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Verb edit
-na
- to rain
Inflection edit
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old Polish na.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /na/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈna/
Audio 1 (file) Audio 2 (file) Audio 3 (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: na
- Homophone: -na
Preposition edit
na
- denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.
- denotes location with events; at [+locative]
- Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.
- denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
- Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!
- denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [+accusative]
- Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.
- denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [+accusative]
- lek na grypę ― flu medication
- na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.
- denotes frequency; per [+case]
- pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second
- denotes manner [+accusative] or [+adverb]
- (mathematics) surjective usage; onto [+accusative]
Adjective edit
na (not comparable, no derived adverb)
Interjection edit
na
Usage notes edit
- When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja „na”.
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References edit
Further reading edit
- na in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- na in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego[14]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[15]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego[16] (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: na
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese na, clipping of ena, from en (“in”) + a (“the”).
Contraction edit
na f sg
- Contraction of em a (“in the”): feminine singular of no
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 184:
- Eu estava na esperança de encontrá-lo antes do jantar!
- I was hoping to meet you before dinner!
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.
Preposition edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
Pronoun edit
na
- Alternative form of a (third-person feminine singular objective pronoun) used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong
Usage notes edit
- This form is not found in Brazilian speech.
Quotations edit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.
Riantana edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.
Pronoun edit
na
Romani edit
Etymology edit
Adverb edit
na
Interjection edit
na
Particle edit
na
References edit
- Dieter W. Halwachs (2021 September 19 (last accessed)) “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz[17], archived from the original on 13 April 2016
- Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Cognate to Bulgarian на (na), from Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
na
- here you are! take it!
Further reading edit
- na in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Samoan edit
Pronoun edit
na
See also edit
Sango edit
Conjunction edit
na
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Univerbation of an (“in”) + a (“his/her”).
Preposition edit
na (+ dative)
Inflection edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).
Conjunction edit
na
Etymology 3 edit
Particle edit
na
- don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
- Na bruidhinn!
- Do not speak!
- particle used to emphasise a negative reply to a question
- An do rinn iad e Disathairne? – Cha do rinn na!
- Did they do it on Saturday? – They certainly did not!
Etymology 4 edit
From Old Irish a (“that which”).
Pronoun edit
na
Etymology 5 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Article edit
na (triggers H-prothesis)
Declension edit
Variation of na (definite article) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Plural | |||||||
nom. | dat. | gen. | nom. | dat. | gen. | nom. | dat. | gen. | |
+ f- | am | anL | anL | na | na | nam | |||
+ m-, p- or b- | am | a'L | a'L | na | na | nam | |||
+ c- or g- | an | a'L | a'L | na | na | nan | |||
+ sV-, sl-, sn- or sr- | an | anT | anT | na | na | nan | |||
+ other consonant | an | an | an | na | na | nan | |||
+ vowel | anT | an | an | naH | naH | nan | |||
L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; T Triggers T-prothesis |
Etymology 6 edit
Univerbation of an (interrogative particle) + do (past tense particle)
Particle edit
na
- (chiefly Lewis, colloquial) marks an interrogative in the past tense
- Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?
Etymology 7 edit
Conjunction edit
na
- Alternative form of no
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na (Cyrillic spelling на)
- (+ locative case) on, at, in (with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below)
- knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table
- biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert
- biti na ulici ― to be in the street
- zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky
- (+ locative case) on (indicating medium)
- čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio
- (+ accusative case) to, on, onto (with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnian, Serbian) or kȁmo (Croatian); see usage notes below)
- staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table
- ići na koncert ― to go to a concert
- (+ accusative case) for (with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied)
- otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days
- (+ accusative case) in (used with seasons)
- na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer
- (+ accusative case) noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose
- krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)
- podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)
- jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)
- ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)
- r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)
- (+ accusative case) by, on, through (adverbial phrase of manner)
- ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)
- plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)
- na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)
- na vr(ij)eme ― on time
- (+ accusative case) indirect object of certain verbs
- vikati na ljude ― to yell at people
- pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone
- (+ accusative case) a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian
- na sreću ― luckily
- na prim(j)er ― for example
Usage notes edit
na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:
- surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
- activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
- exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
- limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
- languages (na engleskom ― in English)
- with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
- the noun fakultet
Interjection edit
na! (Cyrillic spelling на!)
- Here you are! Take it!
- Help yourself!
Shona edit
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : na Ordinal : china | ||
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nàì.
Adjective edit
-na
Inflection edit
Sicilian edit
Article edit
na f sg
- (indefinite) a, an
See also edit
Sicilian articles | ||
Masculine | Feminine | |
indefinite singular | un, nu | na |
definite singular | lu, û | la, â |
definite plural | li, î | li, î |
Silesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Old Polish na, from Proto-Slavic *na.
Preposition edit
na
- denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- Antonym: pod
- denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [+locative]
- denotes location with events; at [+locative]
- denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
- denotes time; for [+accusative]
- denotes measurement; by [+accusative]
- denotes aim of an action; for [+accusative]
- denotes color of painted object [+adverb]
- denotes manner [+adverb]
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Interjection edit
na
Further reading edit
Slovak edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *na, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en-.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- (with locative) on (touching from above)
- 1922, Terézia Vansová, Na Čertovici. In: Z našej dediny:
- Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.
- A nobleman was sitting on the carriage in decorated clothes, as noblemen usually are.
- Na koči sedel pán, cifrovaný, ako páni bývajú.
- (with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)
- Synonym: o
- 1883, Pavol Dobšinský, O krásnej Ibronke. In: Prostonárodné slovenské povesti:
- Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.
- A young lord was travelling that way by carriage and he saw the beautiful lily.
- Viezol sa tadiaľ na koči mladý pán a zazrel tú krásnu ľaliu.
- (with locative) at (indicates time)
- 1873, Ján Kalinčiak, Láska a pomsta. Chapter 1:
- Bol večer na konci jara.
- It was an evening at the end of the spring.
- Bol večer na konci jara.
- (with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)
- 1930, Ladislav Nádaši-Jégé, Stolica sa smeje :
- Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.
- The whole office was very much amused by the whole matter.
- Stolica sa na celej veci veľmi dobre zabávala.
- (with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb (indicates state)
- (with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)
- 1846, Ján Kalinčiak, Milkov hrob. Chapter 10:
- Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.
- He had to mount the horse again and follow the man, whom the cook had sent with him.
- Musel znovu vysadnúť na koňa a ísť za chlapom, ktorého poslal s ním kuchár.
- (with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)
- 1842, Jozef Miloslav Hurban, Svadba kráľa veľkomoravského. Chapter 3:
- Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.
- He spent almost the whole day after the arrival, which was dedicated to plays and tournaments, with the council.
- Takmer celý nasledujúci deň po príchode, určený na hry a rytierske preteky, strávil v rade.
- (with accusative) at, on (indicates time)
- 1910, Ľudmila Podjavorinská, Žena :
- Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.
- Štefan Zaťko, a father or five children, buried his wife at Christmas and on Epiphany he came to arrange his banns.
- Štefan Zaťko, otec piatich detí, cez Vianoce pochoval ženu a na Tri krále prišiel o ohlášky.
- (with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)
- 1943, Dobroslav Chrobák, Drak sa vracia. Chapter 2:
- Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.
- He did not die of old age, nor of a disease, but after he fell in a pit for dirt.
- Nezomrel od staroby, ani na chorobu, ale po páde do jamy na hlinu.
Further reading edit
- “na”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Slavic *na.
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
- (with locative) on (stationary)
- (with accusative) onto (motion towards)
- (with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)
Further reading edit
- “na”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Slovincian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Preposition edit
na
- denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
- denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
- denotes time for which consequences of something may occur; for [+accusative]
- denotes day on which something occurs; on
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *na.
Interjection edit
na
Further reading edit
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[18] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 681
- Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “na!”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[19] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 682
Somali edit
Adverb edit
na
Southern Ndebele edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Verb edit
-na
- to rain
Inflection edit
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Contraction of enna.
Contraction edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.
Alternative forms edit
Pronoun edit
na
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “na”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Preposition edit
na
Sumerian edit
Romanization edit
na
- Romanization of 𒈾
Swahili edit
Etymology edit
Akin to Lingala na, Luganda na. From Proto-Bantu *nà.
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | نَـ |
na
Usage notes edit
Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.
Preposition edit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | نَـ |
na
- with
- 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[20], stanza 9:
- كِطَّمْسِكِزَ گَوُجُهَّالِ ، نُرُ نَمِيَاغَ اِتَظَلَالِ
- Kiṭamsi-kiza cha-ujuhali, nuru na-mianga itaẓalali
- Brightness and lights will overcome the shadow and darkness of ignorance
- by
Usage notes edit
na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):
Inflection edit
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | nami | nasi | |
2nd person | nawe | nanyi | |
3rd person | m-wa(I/II) | naye | nao |
m-mi(III/IV) | nao | nayo | |
ji-ma(V/VI) | nalo | nayo | |
ki-vi(VII/VIII) | nacho | navyo | |
n(IX/X) | nayo | nazo | |
u(XI) | nao | see n(X) or ma(VI) | |
ku(XV/XVII) | nako | ||
pa(XVI) | napo | ||
mu(XVIII) | namo | ||
For a full table, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |
Verb edit
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Ajami | ـنَ |
-na
Swazi edit
Particle edit
nâ
- Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
From Old Swedish hana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place.[1] Compare Norwegian Nynorsk na.
Pronoun edit
na
- (dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon
- Synonym: henne
- – Har hon sett'na? – Jo, hon såg'na igår, och gav'na brevet. Jag var hem ti'na [till'na] igår och snacka [snackade] me'na [med'na] [clipping "till," "med," and "-de" from the past tense is common in general and not dialectal].
- – Has she seen her? – Yeah, she saw her yesterday, and gave her the letter. I went to her house ("was home to her" – standard) yesterday and talked to her.
Usage notes edit
- Common enough to be understood by all native speakers.
- Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.
See also edit
References edit
Anagrams edit
Tagalog edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ (na).
Noun edit
na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- the name of the Latin-script letter N, in the Abakada alphabet.
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Philippine *na (“now; already”). Compare Bikol Central na, Cebuano na, Hiligaynon na, and Tausug na.
Adverb edit
na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- already; now; anymore (expresses the event when following a verb)
- Tapos na.
- Finished already.
- Yari na tayo.
- We've now been made.
- already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
- Natulog na.
- Slept already.
- Bumili na.
- Bought already.
- already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
- Pumasok na tayo.
- Let's go in already.
- Ipinabibili ko na ang gamot.
- I'm having someone buy the medicine now.
Adjective edit
na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)
- Bagsak na.
- Failure already.
- Abogado na siya.
- He/She is now a lawyer.
- now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)
- Ako na.
- My turn.
- (literally, “Me now.”)
- Ikaw na.
- Your turn.
- (literally, “You now.”)
- Siya na.
- His/her turn.
- (literally, “Him/her now.”)
See also edit
Etymology 3 edit
From Proto-Austronesian *na (“linker marking emphatic attribution”).
Ligature edit
na (Baybayin spelling ᜈ)
- Connects words, phrases, and sentences: which is; that is; who is
- Connects adjectives to nouns.
- May matinis na boses siya.
- He/she has a piercing voice.
- Mahilig ako sa mga matatangkad na lalaki
- I like tall boys.
- Connects adverbs to verbs.
- Siya ay mabilis na tumakbo.
- He/she ran fast.
- Malugod ka naming tinatanggap.
- We welcome you.
- Connects clauses: that; to
- Masaya ka lang na meron kang pera.
- You're only happy that you have money.
- Magandang ipanggawa ng saranggola.
- Good to use to make a kite.
- Connects quantifiers (mayroon and wala only uses -ng)
- Tanang Pilipino ― Every Filipino.
- Mayroon kang kanin sa pisngi mo
- You have rice on your cheeks.
- Apat na palo. ― Four sticks.
- Connects adjectives to nouns.
Usage notes edit
- na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.
- Magandang bulaklak
- Pretty flower
- Bigla siyang nagsalita.
- He/She suddenly spoke.
- Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)
- Dayuhang turista
- Foreign tourist
- Siya ay dahan-dahang pumunta doon.
- He/She carefully went there.
- It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.
- haba + -ng- + buhay → habang-buhay
- bunga + -ng- + kahoy → bungangkahoy
- It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).
- haba + -m- + buhay → habambuhay
- ganti + -m- + pala → gantimpala
- Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)
- daan + -g- + bakal → daang-bakal
- kababaan + -g- + loob → kababaang-loob
- kabungguan + -g- + balikat → kabungguang-balikat
See also edit
Further reading edit
- “na”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tày edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal, Zhuang na, Thai หนา (nǎa).
Pronunciation edit
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [naː˧˧]
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [naː˦˥]
Adjective edit
- thick
- phải na ― thick fabric
- 律𪫆𥿯[]那
- Loảt mừa phải tắm na
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 禁那遮敏詩
- Gụm na già mắn thí
- With a thick [layer of] protection, it will be firmly covered.
- bold, brave
- nả na ― shameless, bold
Derived terms edit
References edit
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][21][22] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][23] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Tok Pisin edit
Etymology edit
Conjunction edit
na
- and
- 1995, John Verhaar, Toward a reference grammar of Tok Pisin: an experiment in corpus linguistics[24], →ISBN, page 433:
- Mekim olsem pinis, orait tupela i planim taro na banana, na kumu, painap, kon, tomato, na kaukau tu.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1986, John Hunter, “Vocabulary”, in Papua New Guinea phrasebook[25], →ISBN, page 60:
- and - na
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms edit
Tooro edit
40[a], [b] | ||
[a], [b] ← 3 | 4 | 5 → [a], [b] |
---|---|---|
Cardinal: -na, (in abstract counting) ina Ordinal: -a kana Adverbial: kana, enyakana, emirundi ena Fractional: ekicweka ekya kana |
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nàì. Cognate with Swahili -nne and Tswana -nne. Doublet of omunaana (“eight”).
Numeral edit
-na
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *nà. Cognate with Swahili na, Lingala na and Luganda na.
Conjunction edit
na (apocopic form n')
Adverb edit
na (apocopic form n')
- even
- Na Kisembo naasobora kwetegereza. ― Even Kisembo can understand.
References edit
- Entry 3674 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[26], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 148, 439-441
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Russian на (na) or Ukrainian на (na).
Interjection edit
na
Tzotzil edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
na
Inflection edit
Derived terms edit
(Nouns)
References edit
- Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Unami edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
na
- that (animate)
Venda edit
Conjunction edit
na
Venetian edit
Article edit
na f sg
Vietnamese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Possibly a direct loan from Spanish anona or through other intermediaries. Compare Thai น้อยหน่า (nɔ́ɔi-nàa) and Malay nona.
Noun edit
(classifier cây, trái, quả) na • (𦰡)
- (Northern Vietnam) sugar apple (Annona squamosa)
- Synonym: mãng cầu
Etymology 2 edit
Sino-Vietnamese word from 挪.
Verb edit
na
- (transitive) to carry, to move something laboriously
Anagrams edit
Welsh edit
Etymology 1 edit
Cognate with Old Irish nach,[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (negative particle) + *-kʷe (“and”).
Pronunciation edit
Interjection edit
na
Particle edit
na (triggers mixed mutation)
Usage notes edit
- Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
- The form nac is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nac allan.
Alternative forms edit
- nac (used before a vowel)
Conjunction edit
na (triggers mixed mutation)
- that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)
- Mae e’n dweud na fydd e’n mynd.
- He says that he will not go.
Usage notes edit
- Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
- The form nad is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nad allan.
- The form is always nad before an element fronted for emphasis.
Alternative forms edit
- nad (used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis)
See also edit
- y (affirmative)
Etymology 2 edit
Variant of no(g),[2] probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achn o” as “-ach no”.[3]
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
na (triggers aspirate mutation)
Alternative forms edit
- nag (used before a vowel)
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
na
- Soft mutation of gna.
Verb edit
na (not mutable)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gna | na | ngna | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Etymology 4 edit
Adjective edit
na
- Nasal mutation of da.
Noun edit
na
- Nasal mutation of da.
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
da | dda | na | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “na”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “no”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, §§ 113 i (1), 147 iv (3)
Xhosa edit
Etymology 1 edit
Particle edit
ná
- Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Verb edit
-na
- (intransitive) to rain
Inflection edit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Ye'kwana edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
na
- (transitive) to clear (a conuco garden)
- (transitive) to clear (brush)
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “na”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[27], Lyon
- Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 315
Yola edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English na, no, from nan (“none”), from Old English nān. Cognates include English no and Scots nae.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Determiner edit
na
- no
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
- T' brek up ee bathès h' had na poustee;
- To break up the goal they had not power;
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:
- Na speen to be multh, nar flaase to be shaure.
- no teat to be milked, nor fleece to be shorn.
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 106:
- Vear'd nodhing mot Portheare. Na skeine e'er ee-waare.
- I feared nothing but Porter. No skein I ever wore.
Particle edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
Interjection edit
na
- Alternative form of naay
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:
- Na, now or neveare! w' cry't t' Tommeen,
- Nay, now or never! we cry'd to Tommy,
Etymology 3 edit
Adverb edit
na
- Alternative form of no (“not”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 34:
- Na dicke wye, nar dicka.
- Neither this way, nor that.
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 104:
- Hea pryet ich mought na ha chicke or hen,
- He prayed I might not have chicken nor hen,
- 1867, “BIT OF DIALOGUE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 111:
- Caulès will na get to wullaw to-die.
- Horses will not get to wallow to-day.
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Article edit
na
- of the
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 3-4:
- na coshe an loyale dwellerès na Baronie Forthe,
both(the) faithful and loyal inhabitants of the Barony of Forth,
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 4-5:
- crave na dicke luckie acte t'uck neicher th' Eccellencie,
- beg
leave at(of) this favourable opportunity to approach your Excellency,
- beg
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:
- az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,
- as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, (of) faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,
- in the
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 5-6:
- an na plaine garbe o' oure yola talke,
- and in the simple dress of our old dialect,
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 16-18:
- y'ast, bie ractzom o'honde, ee-delt t'ouz ye laas ee-mate var ercha vassale, ne'er dwythen na dicke waie nar dicka.
- you have with impartial hand ministered the laws made for every subject, without regard to this party or that.
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 1-2:
- Ye state na dicke daie o'ye londe, na whilke be nar fash nar moile, albiet 'constitutional agitation,'
- The condition, (on) this day, of the country, in which is neither tumult nor disorder, but that constitutional agitation,
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 6-8:
- Na oure gladès ana whilke we dellt wi' mattoke, an zing t'oure caulès wi plou,
- In our valleys where we were digging with the spade, or as we whistled to our horses in the plough,
- 1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 8-9:
- wee hert ee zough o'ye colure o' pace na name o' Mulgrave.
- we heard the distant sound of the wings of the dove of peace, in the word Mulgrave.
References edit
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 58
Yoruba edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Verb edit
nà
- to beat; to hit; to smack
- Synonym: lù
- Ó nà án ní pàṣán ― She beat him with a whip
- to defeat
- Synonym: borí
Usage notes edit
- na before a direct object.
Derived terms edit
- ìnàkunà (“severe beating”)
- na pápá bora
- nani (“to beat a person>”)
- nínà (“beating”)
Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
ná
- to spend
- Synonym: náwó (“to spend money”)
- Àníkẹ́ ń ná owó nínàákúkàá ― Anike is spending money extravagently
- to cost
- Ó ná mi ní ogún náírà péré ― It only cost me 20 naira
- Ó lè máa ná wọn tó ẹgbẹ̀rún dọ́là ― It may cost them up to a thousand dollars
- to haggle; to bargain
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
nà
- to stretch; to raise
- Mo na ọwọ́ mi dì í mú ― I stretched out my hand to grasp it
- Àwòdì na ìyẹ́ rẹ̀, kí ó sì fò lọ ― The hawk spread its wings and flew away
- to aim; to point
- Ọlọ́pàá na ìbọn sí wọn lójú ― The police pointed a gun in their face
Usage notes edit
- na before a direct object.
Derived terms edit
Zaghawa edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
na
References edit
- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zhuang edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Tai *ʰnaːᴬ (“thick”). Cognate with Thai หนา (nǎa), Lao ໜາ (nā), Lü ᦐᦱ (ṅaa), Shan ၼႃ (nǎa), Ahom 𑜃𑜡 (nā), Bouyei nal.
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /na˨˦/
- Tone numbers: na1
- Hyphenation: na
Adjective edit
Zia edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea *na. Cognate to Blagar na.
Pronoun edit
na
- I (first person pronoun singular)
Zou edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *naa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na. Cognates include Tibetan ན (na) and Burmese နာ (na).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
na
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *hnaar, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-na. Cognates include Tibetan སྣ (sna) and Burmese နှာ (hna).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
na
References edit
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47
Zulu edit
Etymology 1 edit
Possibly from na-.
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
na
- Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Bantu *-nɪ̀a.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
-na
- (intransitive) to rain
Inflection edit
See also edit
References edit
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na (3-8)”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na”