Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōlaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”). Cognate with Lithuanian stalas (“table”), Russian стол (stol, “table”), Ancient Greek στήλη (stḗlē, “sile, pillar”), Lithuanian pastoliai (“scaffolding”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈstɔː.lɑz/

Noun edit

*stōlaz m

Inflection edit

masculine a-stemDeclension of *stōlaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*stōlaz	stōlōz, stōlōs
vocative	*stōl	stōlōz, stōlōs
accusative	*stōlą	*stōlanz
genitive	stōlas, stōlis	*stōlǫ̂
dative	*stōlai	*stōlamaz
instrumental	*stōlō	*stōlamiz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *stōl
- Old English: stōl
  - Middle English: stool
    - English: stool
    - Scots: stuil, stul, stule
- Old Frisian: stōl
  - North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul
  - Saterland Frisian: Stoul
  - West Frisian: stoel
- Old Saxon: stōl
  - Middle Low German: stôl
    - German Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)
      - → Lower Sorbian: stoł
    - Plautdietsch: Stool
    - → Estonian: tool
    - → Votic: stooli
- Old Dutch: stuol
  - Middle Dutch: stoel
    - Dutch: stoel
      - Afrikaans: stoel
        → Southern Ndebele: isitulo
        → Sotho: setulo
        → Tsonga: xitulu
        → Xhosa: isitulo
        → Zulu: isitulo
      - Jersey Dutch: stûl
      - Negerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: stool
      - → Aukan: sutuu
      - → Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)
      - → Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji
      - → Sranan Tongo: sturu
    - Limburgish: stool
- Old High German: stuol
  - Middle High German: stuol
    - German: Stuhl
    - Hunsrik: Stuhl
    - Luxembourgish: Stull
    - Vilamovian: śtül
    - Yiddish: שטול (shtul)
Old Norse: stóll
- Icelandic: stóll
- Faroese: stólur
- Norn: stol, stul, støl
- Norwegian Bokmål: stol
- Norwegian Nynorsk: stol
- Old Swedish: stōl
  - Swedish: stol
  - → Finnish: tuoli
  - → Ingrian: stooli
- Danish: stol
- Gutnish: stol, stul
Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐍉𐌻𐍃 (stōls)
Crimean Gothic: stul
→ Old East Slavic: стулъ (stulŭ) (via Old Norse or Middle Low German)
- Russian: стул (stul), стулъ (stul)
  - → Azerbaijani: stul
  - → Even: стул (stul)
  - → Kildin Sami: стӯла (stūla)
  - → Uzbek: stul