Berytian
English edit
Etymology edit
From Berytus + -ian (suffix meaning ‘from, related to, or like’; or ‘one from, belonging to, relating to, or like’). Berytus is derived from Latin Bērȳtus, from Ancient Greek Βηρῡτός (Bērūtós), from a Semitic source.
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /bəˈɹɪʃən/
Audio (Southern England) (file) - Rhymes: -ɪʃən
- Hyphenation: Be‧ryt‧ian
Adjective edit
Berytian (not comparable)
- (historical) Of or pertaining to Berytus (“the ancient city of Beirut”).
- 1671, Theoph[ilus] Gale, “Of the Phenecian Philosophie, Its Traduction from the Jews”, in The Court of the Gentiles: Or, A Discourse Touching the Original of Human Literature, both Philologie, and Philosophie, from the Scriptures, and Jewish Church: […], part II (Of Philosophie), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Will[iam] Hall, for Tho[mas] Gilbert, →OCLC, page 51:
- [P]reſently after Gideons death, the Iſraelites worſhipped Baal Berith, or Beryti, from the Citie called Berytum, [...] The like Judg[es] 9. 2, 4. i.e. the Idol of Berith, or the Berytian Citie. Whence it is moſt likely, that Gideon making a League, or having frequent Commerce with ſome Berytian perſon of great fame, it gave the occaſion of this piece of Jewiſh idolatrie, otherwiſe unknown: [...]
- 1889, George Rawlinson, “Political History”, in History of Phœnicia, London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, § 7 (Phœnicia under the Greeks (b.c. 323–65)), page 549:
- It will have been observed that the names of the Tyrian, Sidonian, and Berytian learned men and authors of the time—Antipater, Apollonius, Boëthus, Diodotus, Philo, Hermippus, Marinus, Paulus, Maximus, Porphyrius—are without exception either Latin or Greek.
- 1987, Patricia Crone, “The State of the Field”, in Roman, Provincial, and Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 13:
- [T]he book actually does cram together a great deal of legal knowledge. Schulz thought that it could only be a product, directly or indirectly, of the school of Beirut and proposed to rename it 'the Berytean lawbook'; [...]
- 1994, Gunnar af Hällström, “The Closing of the Neoplatonic School in A.D. 529: An Additional Aspect”, in Paavo Castrén, editor, Post-Herulian Athens (Papers and Monographs of the Finnish Institute at Athens; 1), Helsinki: Suomen Ateenan-instituutin Säätiö [Finnish Institute at Athens], →ISBN, page 159:
- Byzantine believers showed equally little interest in the removal of the Alexandrian school to Antioch after Olympiodorus, and of the Berytian law school to Sidon after the disastrous earthquake of 557.
- 2017, Mark Woolmer, “Religion”, in A Short History of the Phoenicians, London, New York, N.Y.: I.B. Tauris & Co., →ISBN, page 114:
- The only detailed accounts of Berytian religious beliefs and practices are found in a number of Greek and Roman texts written in or after the first century ce.
- 2019, Simone Paturel, “Roman Berytus”, in Jonathan M[ark] Hall, Jan Paul Crielaard, Benet Salway, editors, Baalbek-Heliopolis, the Bekaa, and Berytus from 100 BCE to 400 CE (Mnemosyne Supplements: History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity; 426), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 145:
- Numerous inscriptions relating to soldiers and officers have been found in Numidia and in Gaul [...]. The one example that relates to Berytan merchants comes from Puteoli in Italy.
- 2019, Taco Terpstra, “Public Institutions and the Phoenician Trade”, in Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean: Private Order and Public Institutions, Princeton, N.J., Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 67:
- One of the inscriptions set up by the Berytian association records how its members in their meetings had honored the Athenian people with crowns [...]
Alternative forms edit
Translations edit
of or pertaining to Berytus
Noun edit
Berytian (plural Berytians)
- (historical) A native or inhabitant of Berytus (“the ancient city of Beirut”).
- 1846, John Dudley, “On Cave Temples”, in Naology: Or, A Treatise on the Origin, Progress, and Symbolical Import of the Sacred Structures of the Most Eminent Nations and Ages of the World, London: F[rancis] and J[ohn] Rivington, […]; Leicester, Leicestershire: J. S. Crossley, →OCLC, page 289:
- Nonnus, the poet of Panopolis in Egypt, records this claim of the Berytians in verses [...]
- 1854, F[élicien] de Saulcy, chapter I, in Edward de Warren, editor, Narrative of a Journey Round the Dead Sea and in the Bible Lands; […], new (2nd) edition, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 13:
- It is scarcely possible to attribute to it any other use but that of a basilica, a large public hall, where the Phœnician merchants were in the habit of congregating, probably for commercial transactions. It may have been the Exchange of the Berytans.
- 1877, Max[imilian Wolfgang] Duncker, “The Religious Rites of the Canaanites”, in Evelyn Abbott, transl., The History of Antiquity. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley & Son, […], →OCLC, page 352:
- Sanchuniathon also, a Sidonian according to some, according to others a Syrian, and to others a Berytean, is said to have lived before or during the time of the Trojan war.
- 1951, Philip K[huri] Hitti, “Trade and Industry”, in History of Syria: Including Lebanon and Palestine, London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, part III (The Greco-Roman Period), page 274:
- In the commercial, social and religious activities of Delos, the Berytians occupied a position second only to that of the Italians.
- 1991, John D. Grainger, Hellenistic Phoenicia, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 209:
- If we widen the search for evidence to take in the undated, but Hellenistic, inscriptions recording the presence of Berytians, the picture is less restricted geographically, but equally instructive commercially.
- 2004, Martiniano Pelligrino Roncaglia, In the Footsteps of Jesus, the Messiah, in Phoenicia/Lebanon: […], Beirut: Arab Institute for East and West Studies, →OCLC, page 68:
- At the time of the Messiah Jesus, Tyre had such a large number of Syrians (Arameans), Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Berytians, Aradians, Tripolitanians, Egyptians and Sareptians that there is no evidence, even according to the archaeological finds, that inhabitants had Tyrian/Phoenician blood.
Alternative forms edit
Translations edit
native or inhabitant of Berytus
