Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/sambudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
editEtymology
editPossibly borrowed from Indo-Iranian (whence Sanskrit शम्यति (śamyati), शाम्यति (śāmyati, “to be extinguished, die out, abate, cease, stop, go to rest, be calm or quiet”)),[1] but this has been fairly convincingly rejected.[2] An alternative posits a borrowing from Proto-Germanic *stammijaną, but this is likewise uncertain.
Verb
edit*sambudak (stem *sambu-)
Inflection
editInflection of *sambudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *sambun | *sambuin | — | *sambugon |
| 2nd sing. | *sambut | *sambuit | *sambuk | *sambugos |
| 3rd sing. | *sambubi *sambu |
*sambui | *sambugasën | *sambugosën |
| 1st plur. | *sambukmëk *sambukmak |
*sambuimëk *sambuimak |
*sambugatëmëk *sambugatamak |
*sambugotëmëk *sambugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *sambuktëk *sambuktak |
*sambuidëk *sambuidak |
*sambugatë *sambugata |
*sambugot'ëk *sambugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *sambubat *sambu |
*sambui | *sambugasën | *sambugosën |
| passive | *sambuksën *sambut'aksën |
*sambudisën *sambuttisën |
*sambudakahën *sambuttakahën |
*sambudakohën *sambuttakohën |
| connegative | *sambuk | — | *sambugak | *sambugok |
| passive connegative | *sambuktak | — | *sambudagak *sambuttagak |
*sambudagok *sambuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *sambukcin | *sambuicin | *sambunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *sambukcit | *sambuicit | *sambunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *sambukci | *sambuici | *sambuni | |
| 1st plur. | *sambukcimëk *sambukcimak |
*sambuicimëk *sambuicimak |
*sambunëmëk *sambunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *sambukcidëk *sambukcidak |
*sambuicidëk *sambuicidak |
*sambunëdëk *sambunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *sambukci | *sambuici | *sambuni | |
| passive | *sambudakcihën *sambut'akcihën |
*sambudicihën *sambutticihën |
*sambudanëhën *sambuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *sambukcik | *sambuicik | *sambunëk | |
| passive connegative | *sambudakcik *sambut'akcik |
*sambudicik *sambutticik |
*sambudanëk *sambuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *sambudak | present | *sambuba | *sambudapa *sambuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *sambudë- | past | *sambunut | *sambudu *sambuttu |
| gerund/supine | *sambuma | |||
| action noun | *sambuminen | |||
Descendants
edit- Finnish: sammua
- → Votic: sammua
- Ingrian: sammua
- Karelian:
- Livvi: sambuo
- Ludian: sambuda
- Veps: sambuda, sampta
References
edit- ^ http://ojs.tsv.fi/index.php/StOrE/article/viewFile/52396/16246
- ^ Holopainen, Sampsa & Junttila, Santeri. Die alten arischen und baltischen Lehnverben der uralischen Sprachen (2023)