Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arwaz
Proto-Germanic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Pre-Germanic *Herwos, which could come from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to order, arrange, fit”) or *h₃er- (“to set in motion”).
Adjective edit
*arwaz[1]
Inflection edit
Declension of *arwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *arwaz | *arwai | *arwō | *arwôz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
Accusative | *arwanǭ | *arwanz | *arwǭ | *arwōz | *arwą, -atō | *arwō |
Genitive | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwaizōz | *arwaizǫ̂ | *arwas, -is | *arwaizǫ̂ |
Dative | *arwammai | *arwaimaz | *arwaizōi | *arwaimaz | *arwammai | *arwaimaz |
Instrumental | *arwanō | *arwaimiz | *arwaizō | *arwaimiz | *arwanō | *arwaimiz |
Weak declension | ||||||
Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *arwô | *arwaniz | *arwǭ | *arwōniz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
Accusative | *arwanų | *arwanunz | *arwōnų | *arwōnunz | *arwô | *arwōnō |
Genitive | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ | *arwōniz | *arwōnǫ̂ | *arwiniz | *arwanǫ̂ |
Dative | *arwini | *arwammaz | *arwōni | *arwōmaz | *arwini | *arwammaz |
Instrumental | *arwinē | *arwammiz | *arwōnē | *arwōmiz | *arwinē | *arwammiz |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Old English: earu
- Old Saxon: aru
- Old Norse: ǫrr
- Icelandic: ör
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌾𐍉 (arwjō) (related adverb, not a direct descendant)
Etymology 2 edit
An old s-stem continuing Proto-Indo-European *Hérus. Compare Sanskrit अरुस् (arus, “wound”). Probably cognate to Proto-Germanic *reufaną.[2]
Noun edit
*arwaz n[3]
Inflection edit
z-stemDeclension of *arwaz (z-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
vocative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
accusative | *arwaz | *arwizō | |
genitive | *arwiziz | *arwizǫ̂ | |
dative | *arwizi | *arwizumaz | |
instrumental | *arwizē | *arwizumiz |
Descendants edit
In the West Germanic forms, the word was remodeled as an n-stem and picked up initial n- by metanalysis, or as the result of influence by *narwaz (“narrow”) (n-less forms such as Middle Low German are and dialectal German Arbe are also attested).
- Old Saxon: *narwo; *narwa
- Old Dutch: *narwo; *narwa
- Old High German: narwo; narwa, narawa
- Old Norse: ǫrr, ǫr, ørr, ør, ęr, *ęrr
- → Proto-Finnic: *arpi
References edit
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
- ^ “Proto-Germanic/arwaz”, in: Bjorvand & Lindeman, Våre arveord, rev. ed. Oslo, 2007.
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arwiz-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37