Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fōrijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From *faraną (“to go, travel”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈɸɔː.ri.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*fōrijaną^[1]^[2]

to cause (one) to go; lead (someone; take (someone's) lead
to move, carry, bring (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *fōrijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*fōrijō	*fōrijaų	—	*fōrijai	?
2nd singular	*fōrīsi	*fōrijais	*fōrī	*fōrijasai	*fōrijaisau
3rd singular	*fōrīþi	*fōrijai	*fōrijaþau	*fōrijaþai	*fōrijaiþau
1st dual	*fōrijōs	*fōrijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*fōrijaþiz	*fōrijaiþiz	*fōrijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*fōrijamaz	*fōrijaim	—	*fōrijanþai	*fōrijainþau
2nd plural	*fōrīþ	*fōrijaiþ	*fōrīþ	*fōrijanþai	*fōrijainþau
3rd plural	*fōrijanþi	*fōrijain	*fōrijanþau	*fōrijanþai	*fōrijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*fōridǭ	*fōridēdį̄
2nd singular	*fōridēz	*fōridēdīz
3rd singular	*fōridē	*fōridēdī
1st dual	*fōridēdū	*fōridēdīw
2nd dual	*fōridēdudiz	*fōridēdīdiz
1st plural	*fōridēdum	*fōridēdīm
2nd plural	*fōridēdud	*fōridēdīd
3rd plural	*fōridēdun	*fōridēdīn

	present	past
participles	*fōrijandz	*fōridaz

Derived terms edit

*fōrīniz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *fōrijan
- Old English: fēran
  - Middle English: feren, fearen (merged with descendant of Old English faran)
- Old Frisian: fēra
  - Saterland Frisian: fiere
  - West Frisian: fiere
- Old Saxon: fōrian
  - Middle Low German: vôren, vuren
    - German Low German: föhren
- Old Dutch: fuoren
  - Middle Dutch: voeren, voren, vuren, vueren
    - Dutch: voeren
      - Afrikaans: voer
    - Limburgish: veure
- Old High German: fuoren
  - Middle High German: vüeren
    - Bavarian: fiarn
      - Cimbrian: vüuran, büuran
    - Central Franconian: führe, fiehre
      - Luxembourgish: féieren
    - German: führen
    - Yiddish: פֿירן (firn)
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: fǿra, fœra, færa
  - Icelandic: færa
  - Faroese: føra
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: føra
  - Old Swedish: fø̄ra
    - Swedish: föra
  - Danish: føre
    - Norwegian Bokmål: føre
    - → English: fure

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fōrjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*fōrjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fōrjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 151

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*fōrjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 110

[1]

[2]