Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey- (“to flash”), with a nasal suffix. Kroonen connects it with Old Irish grían (“sun”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣriː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grīnaną

1. to snarl, show teeth, grin
2. to flash, give light

Inflection

Conjugation of *grīnaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grīnō	*grīnaų	—	*grīnai	?
2nd singular	*grīnizi	*grīnaiz	*grīn	*grīnazai	*grīnaizau
3rd singular	*grīnidi	*grīnai	*grīnadau	*grīnadai	*grīnaidau
1st dual	*grīnōz	*grīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grīnadiz	*grīnaidiz	*grīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*grīnamaz	*grīnaim	—	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau
2nd plural	*grīnid	*grīnaid	*grīnid	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau
3rd plural	*grīnandi	*grīnain	*grīnandau	*grīnandai	*grīnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grain	*grinį̄
2nd singular	*graint	*grinīz
3rd singular	*grain	*grinī
1st dual	*grinū	*grinīw
2nd dual	*grinudiz	*grinīdiz
1st plural	*grinum	*grinīm
2nd plural	*grinud	*grinīd
3rd plural	*grinun	*grinīn
	present	past
participles	*grīnandz	*grinanaz

Related terms

• *grainōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grīnan
  • Old Saxon: *grīnan
    • Middle Low German: grînen
      • German Low German: grienen
        • → German: grienen
      • → Dutch: grienen
  • Old Dutch: *grīnan
    • Middle Dutch: grinen
      • Dutch: grijnen (obsolete)
      • Limburgish: griene
  • Old High German: grīnan
    • Middle High German: grīnen
      • Alemannic German: griine
      • German: greinen
      • Luxembourgish: gréngen
• Old Norse: grína
  • Icelandic: grína
  • Faroese: grína
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: grina
  • Elfdalian: graina
  • Old Swedish: *grīna
    • Swedish: grina
  • Danish: grine
    • Norwegian Bokmål: grine