Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/līþaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”). Cognate with Tocharian A litā- (“to pass on”), Avestan 𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬚𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (ⁱriθiieⁱti, “to die, pass away”), Ancient Greek λοίτη (loítē, “tomb”), Latin lītus (“shore, beach”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliː.θɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*līþaną

1. to go; pass
2. to go through

Inflection

Conjugation of *līþaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*līþō	*līþaų	—	*līþai	?
2nd singular	*līþizi	*līþaiz	*līþ	*līþazai	*līþaizau
3rd singular	*līþidi	*līþai	*līþadau	*līþadai	*līþaidau
1st dual	*līþōz	*līþaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*līþadiz	*līþaidiz	*līþadiz	—	—
1st plural	*līþamaz	*līþaim	—	*līþandai	*līþaindau
2nd plural	*līþid	*līþaid	*līþid	*līþandai	*līþaindau
3rd plural	*līþandi	*līþain	*līþandau	*līþandai	*līþaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*laiþ	*lidį̄
2nd singular	*laist	*lidīz
3rd singular	*laiþ	*lidī
1st dual	*lidū	*lidīw
2nd dual	*lidudiz	*lidīdiz
1st plural	*lidum	*lidīm
2nd plural	*lidud	*lidīd
3rd plural	*lidun	*lidīn
	present	past
participles	*līþandz	*lidanaz

Derived terms

• *laidijaną
• *uberlīþaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *līþan
  • Old English: līþan
    • Middle English: liþen (early)
  • Old Frisian: lītha
    • Saterland Frisian: liede
    • West Frisian: lyen, lye, lit, lije
  • Old Saxon: līthan
    • Middle Low German: lîden
      • German Low German: lieden
  • Old Dutch: līthan
    • Middle Dutch: liden
      • Dutch: lijden
        • Afrikaans: ly
        • Negerhollands: lyd, lyden, lijden, leiden
      • Limburgish: lieje
  • Old High German: līdan
    • Middle High German: līden
      • Alemannic German: liide, lide
      • German: leiden
      • Hunsrik: leide
      • Luxembourgish: leiden
• Old Norse: líða
  • Icelandic: líða
  • Faroese: líða
  • Norwegian: lide
  • Old Swedish: līþa
    • Swedish: lida
  • Danish: lide
  • → Scots: lide
• Gothic: *𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (*leiþan)