Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/reukaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewg- (“to vomit, burp”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rew- (“to roar, growl, grumble”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈreu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*reukaną^[1]^[2]

to smoke, to give off a vapour

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *reukaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*reukō	*reukaų	—	*reukai	?
2nd singular	*riukizi	*reukaiz	*reuk	*reukazai	*reukaizau
3rd singular	*riukidi	*reukai	*reukadau	*reukadai	*reukaidau
1st dual	*reukōz	*reukaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*reukadiz	*reukaidiz	*reukadiz	—	—
1st plural	*reukamaz	*reukaim	—	*reukandai	*reukaindau
2nd plural	*riukid	*reukaid	*riukid	*reukandai	*reukaindau
3rd plural	*reukandi	*reukain	*reukandau	*reukandai	*reukaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rauk	*rukį̄
2nd singular	*rauht	*rukīz
3rd singular	*rauk	*rukī
1st dual	*rukū	*rukīw
2nd dual	*rukudiz	*rukīdiz
1st plural	*rukum	*rukīm
2nd plural	*rukud	*rukīd
3rd plural	*rukun	*rukīn

	present	past
participles	*reukandz	*rukanaz

Related terms edit

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *reukan
- Old English: rēocan
  - Middle English: reken
    - Scots: rek, reke, reik
    - English: reek
- Old Frisian: riāka
  - North Frisian: röke
  - West Frisian: reekje
- Old Saxon: *riokan, *rūkan
  - Middle Low German: rêken, rûken
    - Low German: rüken
    - → Saterland Frisian: ruuke
    - → West Frisian: rûke
- Old Dutch: riecan, riekan, riechon, ruecon
  - Middle Dutch: ruken
    - Dutch: ruiken, rieken
    - Limburgish: ruke
- Old High German: riohhan
  - Middle High German: riechen
    - German: riechen
    - Bavarian: riacha
    - Luxembourgish: richen
Old Norse: rjúka
- Icelandic: rjúka
- Faroese: rúka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: ryka, ryke, rjuka
- Old Swedish: riūka
  - Swedish: ryka
- Danish: ryge
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ryke

References edit

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*reukan- ~ *rūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*reukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 303

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*reukan- ~ *rūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 410

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*reukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 303

[1]

[2]