Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spuþþōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *sputtōną

Etymology

From *spuþþą, *spuþþaz (“mockery”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈspuθ.θɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spuþþōną

1. to mock, deride, ridicule

Inflection

Conjugation of *spuþþōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spuþþō	*spuþþǭ	—	*spuþþōi	?
2nd singular	*spuþþōsi	*spuþþōs	*spuþþō	*spuþþōsai	*spuþþōsau
3rd singular	*spuþþōþi	*spuþþō	*spuþþōþau	*spuþþōþai	*spuþþōþau
1st dual	*spuþþōs	*spuþþōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*spuþþōþiz	*spuþþōþiz	*spuþþōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*spuþþōmaz	*spuþþōm	—	*spuþþōnþai	*spuþþōnþau
2nd plural	*spuþþōþ	*spuþþōþ	*spuþþōþ	*spuþþōnþai	*spuþþōnþau
3rd plural	*spuþþōnþi	*spuþþōn	*spuþþōnþau	*spuþþōnþai	*spuþþōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*spuþþōdǭ	*spuþþōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*spuþþōdēz	*spuþþōdēdīz
3rd singular	*spuþþōdē	*spuþþōdēdī
1st dual	*spuþþōdēdū	*spuþþōdēdīw
2nd dual	*spuþþōdēdudiz	*spuþþōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*spuþþōdēdum	*spuþþōdēdīm
2nd plural	*spuþþōdēdud	*spuþþōdēdīd
3rd plural	*spuþþōdēdun	*spuþþōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*spuþþōndz	*spuþþōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *spoþþōn, *spottōn
  • Old Frisian: spottia
    • West Frisian: spotte (with an unetymological class 1 inflection)
  • Old Saxon: *spottōn
    • Middle Low German: spotten
  • Old Dutch: *spotton
    • Middle Dutch: spotten
      • Dutch: spotten
  • Old High German: spottōn
    • Middle High German: spotten
      • German: spotten
• Old Norse: spotta
  • Icelandic: spotta
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: spotte

    Norwegian Nynorsk: spotte, spotta

  • Swedish: spotta
  • Danish: spotte