Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/trewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European edit

Root edit

*trewd-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to push, to thrust

Derived terms edit

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-‎ (15 c, 0 e)

*tréwd-e-ti (thematic root present)^[4]
- Proto-Albanian: * ̊truδ-
  - Albanian: ndrydh
- (perhaps) Celtic:
  - Welsh: cythrudd
- Proto-Germanic: *þreutaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *troudō
  - Latin: trūdō
*trud-néh₂-ti ~ *trud-n̥h₂-énti (innovative denominative present)^[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *þruttōną (see there for further descendants)
*trowd-eh₂yé-ti (innovative *o-grade iterative present)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrautōną
*trowd-éye-ti (causative)^[6]^[7]
- Proto-Albanian: *entrūda
  - Albanian: ndrydh
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *traudéiˀtei
  - Proto-Slavic: *truditi (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrautijaną (see there for further descendants)
*trowd-o-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tráudas
  - Proto-Slavic: *trudъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *þrautą (see there for further descendants)
*trewd-to-s or *trewd-so-s
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: triū̃sas
*trud-(s)mo-
- Proto-Celtic: *trummos (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Germanic: *þrustijaną
  - Old Norse: þrysta
    - → English: thrust
- Old Irish: troit
  - Irish: troid
  - Scottish Gaelic: troid

References edit

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*treu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 651-652
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “trūdō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 630
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 498
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tredh”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 463
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þruttōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 548
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ndrydh”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 288
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þrautjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*treu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 651-652

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “trūdō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 630

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 498

[4] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “tredh”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 463

[5] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þruttōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 548

[6] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ndrydh”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 288

[7] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þrautjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 545

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