Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Secondary causative of *járati.

Verb

*jāráyati

1. to be angered, vexed
2. to be tormented, pained

Derived terms

• *aHjāráyati
• *jārah
  • Baluchi: زار (zâr, “anger”)
  • Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)

    Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫀𐫡 (zʾr /⁠zār⁠/)

    • → Middle Persian: *zār
      • Persian: زار (zâr, “lamentation”)
        • → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
        • → Azerbaijani: zar
        • → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
        • → Gujarati: ઝાર (jhār)
  • Pashto: زور (zawër, “grief, concern, anxiety”)
• *upajāráyati
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (pzʾr-, “to blame, rebuke”)
  • Sogdian:

    Old Sogdian script: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾpzʾrnʾt /⁠āzērd⁠/, 3sg.subj.pres.)

• *wijāráyati
  • Middle Persian: (/⁠widārdēd, wiyārdēd⁠/, “to suffer, endure”) (restored -d-?)

    Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (wydʾryd)

    • → Parthian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫍 (wydʾryh /⁠widārdēd⁠/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫅 (wdʾrynd /⁠widārēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.)

Descendants

• Parthian: *zārdēd
  • → Middle Persian: *zārdēd
    • Persian: زاریدن (zâridan)