Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tatr̥wáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *tatr̥wás, from Proto-Indo-European *tetr̥-wó-s, from *teter- (“hen-like bird”) +‎ *-wós, reduplicated onomatopoeia.

Cognate with Sanskrit तित्तिर (tittirá), Ancient Greek τέτραξ (tétrax, “type of bird”), τετράων (tetráōn, “grouse”), Proto-Balto-Slavic *teterwás (“grouse”), Latin turtur, Proto-Celtic *teteros (whence Middle Irish tethra), Proto-Germanic *þeduraz (“wood grouse, capercaillie”) (whence Old Norse þiðurr).

Noun

*tatr̥wáh m

1. pheasant

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tatr̥wáh	*tatr̥wā́	*tatr̥wā́
vocative	*tatr̥wa	*tatr̥wā́	*tatr̥wā́
accusative	*tatr̥wám	*tatr̥wā́	*tatr̥wā́nh
instrumental	*tatr̥wā́	*tatr̥wáybyaH	*tatr̥wā́yš
ablative	*tatr̥wā́t	*tatr̥wáybyaH	*tatr̥wáybyah
dative	*tatr̥wā́y	*tatr̥wáybyaH	*tatr̥wáybyah
genitive	*tatr̥wáhya	*tatr̥wáyāh	*tatr̥wā́nam
locative	*tatr̥wáy	*tatr̥wáyaw	*tatr̥wáyšu

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (ttatara, “partridge”)
  • Sogdian: [script needed] (ttr'w /⁠tatarw⁠/, “a kind of bird”)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: cindzarai
    • Parachi: tanzarai
  • Pashto: تارو m (tārú, “francolin”)
  • Shughni: тазарф (tazarf, “starling”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Old Median: τατύρας (tatúras, “pheasant”)
    • → Old Armenian: տատրակ (tatrak, “turtle dove”)
    • → Ancient Greek: τέταρος (tétaros, “pheasant”)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ttl /⁠tatar(w)⁠/, “pheasant”), *tadurw

    • Classical Persian: تذرو (taðarw)
      • Iranian Persian: تذرو (tazarv), تدرو (tadarv, “pheasant”)
    • ⇒ Middle Persian: *tadurug, *tudurāg
      • → Arabic: تَدْرُج (tadruj), تَدْرُجَة (tadruja), دُرَّاج (durrāj)
        • → Persian: دُرَّاج (dorrâj), this blended with تذرو (tazarw) gives تراج (torrâj), and the first Arabic form blended with تذرو (tazarw) gives تذرج (tazaroj)