Proto-Slavic
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Etymology 1
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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gerˀtei ( “ devour ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *gʷérh₃-ti ~ *gʷr̥h₃-énti , from *gʷerh₃- ( “ to devour, swallow ” ) . Cognate with Lithuanian gerti ( “ to drink ” ) , Latvian dzer̂t ( “ to drink ” ) .
Further related to Old English acworren , Proto-Germanic *kwerraną ( “ devour ” ) , Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬭- ( gar- , “ swallow up ” ) , Old Armenian կերի ( keri , “ I ate ” ) , Ancient Greek βιβρώσκω ( bibrṓskō , “ eat up ” ) , βορά ( borá , “ food ” ) , Latin vorō ( “ I devour ” ) , Sanskrit गिरति ( giráti , “ devour ” ) .
*žèrti impf [1] [2] [3] [4]
to devour , glut
Conjugation
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Conjugation of
*žerti, *žer, *žьretь (
impf. ,
-C- , s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*žьrtьje
*žerti
*žertъ
*žьrlъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*žьrtъ
*žьromъ
Active
*žьrъ
*žьry
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žerxъ
*žer
*žer
*žьrǫ
*žьreši
*žьretь
Dual
*žerxově
*žersta
*žerste
*žьrevě
*žьreta
*žьrete
Plural
*žerxomъ
*žerste
*žeršę
*žьremъ
*žьrete
*žьrǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žьrěaxъ
*žьrěaše
*žьrěaše
—
*žьri
*žьri
Dual
*žьrěaxově
*žьrěašeta
*žьrěašete
*žьrěvě
*žьrěta
—
Plural
*žьrěaxomъ
*žьrěašete
*žьrěaxǫ
*žьrěmъ
*žьrěte
—
Notes: (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Alternative forms
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*žьrati ( later variant, based on present stem )
Derived terms
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Descendants
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East Slavic:
South Slavic:
West Slavic:
Further reading
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Vasmer, Max (1964–1973 ) “жрать ”, in Oleg Trubachyov , transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Skok, Petar (1973 ) “Proto-Slavic/žerti ”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language ] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 3 (poni² – Ž ), Zagreb: JAZU, page 673
Melnychuk, O. S. , editor (1982–2012 ), “же́рти ”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language ] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
References
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^ Derksen, Rick (2008 ) “*žerti ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN , →ISSN , page 559
^ Derksen, Rick (2015 ) “gerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13 ), Leiden, Boston: Brill , →ISBN , page 172 : “*žèrti ”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001 ) “¹žerti (žьrti): žьrǫ (žerǫ) žьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List [1] , Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c æde (SA 203, 235, 251; PR 139) ”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016 ) “žrẹ́ti ”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary ] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si : “*že̋rti ”
Etymology 2
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From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- .
*žerti impf
Alternative form of *žьrti
Conjugation
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Conjugation of
*žerti, *žer, *žьřetь (
impf. ,
-C/j- , s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*žьrtьje
*žerti
*žertъ
*žьrlъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*žьrtъ
*žьřemъ
Active
*žьrъ
*žьřę
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žerxъ
*žer
*žer
*žьřǫ
*žьřeši
*žьřetь
Dual
*žerxově
*žersta
*žerste
*žьřevě
*žьřeta
*žьřete
Plural
*žerxomъ
*žerste
*žeršę
*žьřemъ
*žьřete
*žьřǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*žьřaaxъ
*žьřaaše
*žьřaaše
—
*žьři
*žьři
Dual
*žьřaaxově
*žьřaašeta
*žьřaašete
*žьřivě
*žьřita
—
Plural
*žьřaaxomъ
*žьřaašete
*žьřaaxǫ
*žьřimъ
*žьřite
—
Notes: (*)*žьrjenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Descendants
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South Slavic:
Old Church Slavonic: жрѣти ( žrěti )
⇒ Bulgarian: жре́я ( žréja ) ( obsolete )
Further reading
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Georgiev, Vladimir I. , editor (1971 ), “жрея ”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary ] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З ), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN , page 554