Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/boriti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Intensive counter-part of *borti (“to fight”) +‎ *-iti. Akin to Latin feriō, Proto-Germanic *barjaną.

Verb

*borìti

1. to battle, to wrestle

Inflection

Conjugation of *boriti, *bori, *boritь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*bořenьje	*boriti	*boritъ	*borilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*bořenъ	*borimъ
Active	*bořь	*borę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*borixъ	*bori	*bori	*bořǫ	*boriši	*boritь
Dual	*borixově	*borista	*boriste	*borivě	*borita	*borite
Plural	*borixomъ	*boriste	*borišę	*borimъ	*borite	*borętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*bořaaxъ	*bořaaše	*bořaaše	—	*bori	*bori
Dual	*bořaaxově	*bořaašeta	*bořaašete	*borivě	*borita	—
Plural	*bořaaxomъ	*bořaašete	*bořaaxǫ	*borimъ	*borite	—

Notes:
• (*)*borivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *sъboriti (“to knock down”)
• *perboriti (“to overcome”)
• *oboriti (“to refute”)
• *zaboriti (“to initiate a fight”)
• *doboriti (“to complete a fight”)
• *proboriti (“to dig up”)
• *uboriti (“to collide, to take on a challenge”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: бори́ться (borítʹsja)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: борити (boriti)
  • Bulgarian: бо́ря (bórja), боричкам (boričkam, “to battle”)
  • Macedonian: бори (bori)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: бо̀рити

    Latin script: bòriti

  • Slovene: borīti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: bořit
  • Old Polish: borzyć
    • Polish: burzyć (partially)
    • Silesian: burzić (partially)
  • Slovak: boriť

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бориться”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*boriti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 203
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “боря се”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 69